Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Define bulk flow.
The movement of a liquid or gas down the pressure gradient
What is the name of the division between the left and right chambers of the heart?
Interventricular septum
What attaches the AV valves to the muscles that move them?
Chordae tendinae
What muscles open the AV valves?
Papillary muscles
What is another name for the mitral valve?
Bicuspid, or left atrioventricular
Which valve is also known as the tricuspid valve?
Right atrioventricular valve
What transports blood to to the right atrium?
Superior/inferior vena cava
Through what valve does deoxygenated blood flow into a ventricle?
Right AV (tricuspid) valve (into right ventricle)
Define cardiac output.
The rate of ejection of blood from the heart
What percent of blood volume is plasma?
55%
What percent of blood volume do erythrocytes compose?
45%
Define hematocrit.
Percent of blood volume composed of erythrocytes
What is the buffy coat?
Leukocyte and platelet component of blood
What is the length of absolute refractory periods in cardiac muscle?
250 ms
What is the mean of cardiac muscle stimulation?
Self-excitable (autorhythmicity)
What does the “plateau” phase of cardiac muscle contraction prevent?
Tetanus
What causes the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction?
High calcium permeability; low potassium permeability due to closing of some leak channels for potassium
What causes depolarization in cardiac muscle?
Pacemaker potential in SA node
The inactivation of VG sodium channels occurs at the same time as _________________.
the opening of L-type calcium channels.
Define systolic pressure.
the highest arterial pressure during ventricular systole
What is the range for normal systolic pressure?
100-139 mmHg
Define diastolic pressure.
lowest arterial pressure during ventricular diastole
What is the normal range for diastolic pressure?
60-89 mmHg
What is the formula for pulse pressure?
pulse pressure = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
What are the two formulas for mean arterial pressure.
MAP = ((2*DBP)+SBP)/3 MAP = 1/3PP + DBP
