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Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

Define bulk flow.

A

The movement of a liquid or gas down the pressure gradient

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1
Q

What is the name of the division between the left and right chambers of the heart?

A

Interventricular septum

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2
Q

What attaches the AV valves to the muscles that move them?

A

Chordae tendinae

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3
Q

What muscles open the AV valves?

A

Papillary muscles

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4
Q

What is another name for the mitral valve?

A

Bicuspid, or left atrioventricular

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5
Q

Which valve is also known as the tricuspid valve?

A

Right atrioventricular valve

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6
Q

What transports blood to to the right atrium?

A

Superior/inferior vena cava

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7
Q

Through what valve does deoxygenated blood flow into a ventricle?

A

Right AV (tricuspid) valve (into right ventricle)

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8
Q

Define cardiac output.

A

The rate of ejection of blood from the heart

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9
Q

What percent of blood volume is plasma?

A

55%

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10
Q

What percent of blood volume do erythrocytes compose?

A

45%

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11
Q

Define hematocrit.

A

Percent of blood volume composed of erythrocytes

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12
Q

What is the buffy coat?

A

Leukocyte and platelet component of blood

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13
Q

What is the length of absolute refractory periods in cardiac muscle?

A

250 ms

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14
Q

What is the mean of cardiac muscle stimulation?

A

Self-excitable (autorhythmicity)

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15
Q

What does the “plateau” phase of cardiac muscle contraction prevent?

A

Tetanus

16
Q

What causes the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction?

A

High calcium permeability; low potassium permeability due to closing of some leak channels for potassium

17
Q

What causes depolarization in cardiac muscle?

A

Pacemaker potential in SA node

18
Q

The inactivation of VG sodium channels occurs at the same time as _________________.

A

the opening of L-type calcium channels.

19
Q

Define systolic pressure.

A

the highest arterial pressure during ventricular systole

20
Q

What is the range for normal systolic pressure?

A

100-139 mmHg

21
Q

Define diastolic pressure.

A

lowest arterial pressure during ventricular diastole

22
Q

What is the normal range for diastolic pressure?

A

60-89 mmHg

23
Q

What is the formula for pulse pressure?

A

pulse pressure = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

24
Q

What are the two formulas for mean arterial pressure.

A 
MAP = ((2*DBP)+SBP)/3
MAP = 1/3PP + DBP

Physiology (9 decks)

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