Endocrine system Flashcards
what makes up the endocrine system?
it’s composed of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers into the bloodstream
endocrine target organs
tissues/organs that hormones act upon
which glands in the endocrine system are responsible for sending signals?
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
what causes endocrine diseases?
hormone imbalances
negative feedback loop
more common, works in response to low or high levels of hormones
positive feedback loop
uncommon, occur when hormone levels continue to rise in response to stimuli
hormones
chemical substances produced by cells in one part of the body and transported to another part of the body where it influences and regulates cellular activity/organ function
what are the two types of hormones?
endogenous= made by the body
exogenous= made outside of the body
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
LH
luteinizing hormone
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GH
growth hormone
MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone, treats diabetes insipidus, concentrates urine
desmopressin
synthetic form of vasopressin so structurally similar
oxytocin
stimulates smooth muscle contraction and induces labor
affects the uterus and mammary glands
milk letdown hormone
diabetes insipidus
rare disease characterized by the inability to concentrate urine caused by posterior pituitary gland’s failure to respond to ADH stimulation
insulin
promotes uptake and use of glucose for energy in cells, lowers blood glucose levels
glucagon
promotes breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose
diabetes mellitus types
type 1: lack of insulin
type 2: insufficient use of insulin
hyperglycemia
high blood glucose
gluosuria
glucose in urine
insulin resistance
inefficient use of insulin
what are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?
increased appetite, weight loss, PUPD, cataracts