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1 Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A collection of glands from around the body

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2
Q

What is a gland responsible for?

A

Manufacturing, storing and releasing at least 1 specific hormone

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3
Q

Hormones r involved in regulating what 4 things

A

Metabolism
Growth
Reproductive function
Body’s stress response

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4
Q

How do hormones get to their target

A

Through bloodstream

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5
Q

Hormones control processes that require speed of action or duration of action

A

Duration of action

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6
Q

What mechanism controls homeostasis/ the activity of hormones?

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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7
Q

Name this hormone secretion pattern

A

Constant secretion pattern

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8
Q

Name this hormonal secretion pattern

A

Episodic secretion pattern

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9
Q

Name this hormonal secretion pattern

A

Diurnal secretion pattern

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10
Q

What does it mean if a tumours functioning?

A

Too much hormone secreted

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11
Q

What does it mean if a tumours non functioning?

A

Destroys glands and too little hormone secreted

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12
Q

What’s hypersecretion of a hormone?

A

Too much secretion of hormone

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13
Q

What is hyposecretion of a hormone?

A

Too little hormone secreted

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14
Q

Name the 2 endocrine glands in the head

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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15
Q

Name the two different types of gland in the neck

A

4 parathyroid glands and thyroid gland

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16
Q

Name two different glands in the abdomen

A

2 adrenal glands and the pancreas

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17
Q

Name the glands in the female pelvis

A

2 ovaries

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18
Q

Name the glands in the male perineum

A

2 testes

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19
Q

Name this section

A

Diencephalon

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20
Q

Name this structure

A

Thalamus

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21
Q

Name this structure

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

Name this structure

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

Name this structure

A

Pons

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24
Q

Name this structure

A

Medulla

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25
Q

Name this structure

A

Spinal cord

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26
Q

Name this structure

A

Brainstem

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27
Q

Name this structure

A

Pituitary gland

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28
Q

Name this structure

A

Infundibulum

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29
Q

Name this structure

A

Posterior lobe

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30
Q

Name this structure

A

Anterior lobe

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31
Q

Name this structure

A

Sphenoid bone

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32
Q

What r the two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary lobe?

A

Oxytocin
Vasopressin

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33
Q

What does oxytocin do, 3 things?

A
  1. Ejection of breast milk
  2. Stimulated uterine contraction in childbirth
  3. Social bonding
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34
Q

What does vasopressin do?

A

Aids water retention

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35
Q

What is the name of the portal system for the endocrine system

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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36
Q

What r the two different types of hormone that hypothalamic neurons secrete?

A

Releasing hormones
Release-inhibitory hormones

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37
Q

What do releasing hormones do?

A

Stimulate the anterior pituitary to release its hormone(s) into the blood stream

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38
Q

What do release-inhibitory hormones do?

A

Prevent the anterior pituitary releasing hormone(s) into the blood stream

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39
Q

Anterior pituitary cells secrete either what 6 things?

A
  1. Growth hormone (GH)
  2. Prolactin
  3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  4. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  5. Luteinising hormone (LH)
  6. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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40
Q

How does the hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the rest of the body?

A
  • Hypothalamus neurons release hormones
  • Hypophyseal portal veins
  • Anterior pituitary gland releases hormones
  • Hypophyseal portal veins
  • Superior vena cava
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41
Q

Name this structure

A

Epiglottis

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42
Q

Name this structure

A

Hyoid bone

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43
Q

Name this structure

A

Thyroid cartilage

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44
Q

Name this structure

A

Cricoid cartilage

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45
Q

Name this structure

A

Larynx

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46
Q

Name this structure

A

Right lobe of thyroid gland

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47
Q

Name this structure

A

Left lobe of thyroid gland

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48
Q

Name this structure

A

Isthmus

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49
Q

The thyroid gland uses what to manufacture hormones?

A

Iodine

50
Q

The thyroid gland used iodine to manufacture what 2 hormones?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)

51
Q

What 3 things do the thyroid hormones do?

A

Regulate metabolism
Stimulate growth
Used in development of the nervous system

52
Q

Name this structure

A

Epiglottis

53
Q

Name this structure

A

Hyoid bone

54
Q

Name this structure

A

Thyroid cartilage

55
Q

Name this structure

A

Right parathyroid glands

56
Q

Name this structure

A

Trachea

57
Q

Name this structure

A

Left parathyroid glands

58
Q

Name this structure

A

Cricoid cartilage

59
Q

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

A

Controls the amount of Calcium in blood and bone

60
Q

Name this structure

A

Left superior thyroid artery

61
Q

Name this structure

A

Left Carotid artery

62
Q

Name this structure

A

Arch of the aorta

63
Q

Name this structure

A

Right subclavian artery

64
Q

Name this structure

A

Right inferior thyroid artery

65
Q

Name this structure

A

Left internal jugular vein

66
Q

Name these structures

A

Right superior, middle and inferior veins

67
Q

Name this structure

A

Superior vena cava

68
Q

What r the two anatomically and functionally distinct parts of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine pancreas
Exocrine pancreas

69
Q

What does the endocrine pancreas do, give an example?

A

Manufacture various hormones

Insulin secreted into the blood in response to islet of langerhans cells detecting increased blood glucose

70
Q

What does the exocrine pancreas do?

A

Manufactures digestive enzymes and secreted them via a duct system into the duodenum

71
Q

What r the two types of diabetes mellitus, explain?

A

Type 1: failure to produce insulin

Type 2: target cells fail to respond to insulin

72
Q

Name this structure

A

Bile duct

73
Q

Name this structure

A

Pancreatic duct

74
Q

Name this structure

A

Major duodenal papilla

75
Q

Where is the pancreas relative to the peritoneum?

A

Retroperitoneal

76
Q

Where is the pancreas relative to the vertebra?

A

Overlying L1/L2 vertebra

77
Q

Where is the pancreas relative to the stomach

A

Posterior

78
Q

What is the pancreas anterior to?

A

aorta And inferior vena cava

79
Q

Where is the pancreas between?

A

Duodenum and spleen

80
Q

Where does arterial blood supply to the pancreas come from? 2 things

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery

81
Q

Name this structure

A

Coeliac trunk

82
Q

Name this structure

A

Superior mesenteric artery

83
Q

Where does venous blood from the pancreas drain into? 3 things

A

Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein then portal vein

84
Q

Where r the adrenal glands in relation to peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

85
Q

Where r the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys

A

Superior to kidneys

86
Q

What separates the adrenal glands from the kidneys?

A

Fascial septum

87
Q

What r the two anatomical and functional parts of the adrenal glands which secrete hormones?

A

Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

88
Q

What 3 hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens

89
Q

What 2 hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

90
Q

Name this structure

A

Inferior vena cava

91
Q

Name this structure

A

Aorta

92
Q

Name this structure

A

Coeliac trunk

93
Q

Name this structure

A

Superior mesenteric artery

94
Q

Name this structure

A

Left superior suprarenal arteries

95
Q

Name this structure

A

Left middle suprarenal artery

96
Q

Name this structure

A

Left inferior suprarenal artery

97
Q

Name this structure

A

Renal artery

98
Q

Name this structure

A

Inferior vena cava

99
Q

Name this structure

A

Left suprarenal vein

100
Q

Name this structure

A

Left renal vein

101
Q

Name this structure

A

Right suprarenal vein

102
Q

Where r the testes located?

A

In the scrotum of the male perineum

103
Q

Where is the arterial supply to the testes from?

A

Abdominal aorta

104
Q

What does the testes secrete in response to leutinising hormone from the anterior pituitary gland

A

Testosterone

105
Q

What does testosterone control? 3 things

A

Male secondary sex characteristics

Closure of epiphyseal growth plates

Stimulates sperm production

106
Q

Name this structure

A

Gonadal artery and veins

107
Q

Name this structure

A

Testes

108
Q

Name this structure

A

Scrotum

109
Q

Where do the overies lie?

A

In the pelvic cavity

110
Q

What do the ovaries secrete in response to FSH & LH from the anterior pituitary?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

111
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Prepared the uterus for pregnancy

112
Q

What does oestrogen control? 2 things

A

Female secondary sex characteristics

Ovum development

113
Q

Name this structure

A

Gonadal artery and veins

114
Q

Name this structure

A

Ovary

115
Q

Name this structure

A

Broad ligament of the uterus

116
Q

Name this structure

A

Uterus

117
Q

The gonadal arteries branch off the what?

A

Abdominal aorta

118
Q

Name this structure

A

Gonadal arteries

119
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain to?

A

Directly into the inferior vena cava

120
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein

121
Q

Name these structures

A

Right and left gonadal vein

1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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