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Clinical Medicine > Endocrine Quiz > Flashcards

Endocrine Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Type I DM formerly known as:

A

Insulin dependent DM

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2
Q

Complete loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas results in type ___ DM.

A

I

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3
Q

Hyper/hypoglycemia is assiciated with DM I.

A

Hyperglycemia

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4
Q

High serum glucose level causes ____ cells to be destroyed.

A

Ilet

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5
Q

Glucose cannot be taken into the body as it should in this Dz.

A

DM I

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6
Q

Identify the Dz.

Risk: lean, 30 yo, requires insulin, develops ketoacidosis and autoimmune Dz.

A

DM I

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7
Q

Excessive hunger (polyphasia) and thirst (polydipsia) are common symptoms of:

A

DM I

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8
Q

C-peptide test is done to detect what Dz and why?

A

DM I; Tests to tell how much pancreas function remains.

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9
Q

Fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dl pr above is a sign of:

A

DM I

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10
Q

1A-autoimmune destruction on beta cells is a subtype of:

A

DM I

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11
Q

1B-idiopathic destruction on the beta cells is a subtype of:

A

DM I

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12
Q

What is the pathophysiologic sugar level in DM I?

A

Sustained elevated blood sugar > 126 mg

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13
Q

In DM I excessive thirst is caused by:

A

water shifting out of cells and into the blood.

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14
Q

Define Polyuria.

A

Production of abnormally large volume of dilute urine, which is an effect of glucose in the blood after kidney filtration.

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15
Q

HbA1c blood test is for long term glycemic control of which Dz?

A

DM I

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16
Q

What is a common treatment for DM I?

A

Insulin injections.

No oral diabetic medications.

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17
Q

Tier 1 or 2? Hyperthyroidism

A

T1

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18
Q

Risk factors of DM II:

A
  • Obesity
  • Genetic predisposition
  • > 45 yo
  • African American
  • Native American
  • Stimulated by other drugs and environmental factors
  • Infections of pancreas and endocrine system
  • Elevated cholesterol and BP
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19
Q

These are the signs and symptoms of what Dz?

  • Shortness of breath
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Altered mental fxn
  • Possible syndrome X
A

DM II

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20
Q

Risk factors for this disease include age (25-50), and 10 times more common in women than men

A

Hyperthyroidism

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21
Q

Signs, Symptoms and effects:

Prominent stare
Excessive nervousness
Insomnia
Hyperactivity
Palpitations
A

Hyperthyroidism

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22
Q

Hyperthyroidism is associated with weight ____ and _____ appetite

A

weight loss, appetite

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23
Q

Signs, Symptoms and effects:

Digit tremors, fatigue, heat intolerance, weakness

A

Hyperthyroidism

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24
Q

Goiter is a sign of what disease?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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25
Q

Detected by elevated T4 levels

A

Hyperthyroidism

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26
Q

Treated with drugs, radioiodine therapy for patients over the age of 40, and sometimes surgery

A

Hyperthyroidism

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27
Q

Basic pathophysiology of ___?

Insufficient amount of thyroid hormone, and reduces metabolic state.

A

Hypothyroidism

28
Q

This disease is most commonly a cause of Hashimotos. Name the subtype

A

Hypothyroidism (secondary)

29
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism happens in the

A

pathway

30
Q

Primary hypothyroidism is caused by _______ often by ______

A

damage to the thyroid, tx of hyperthyroidism

31
Q

Signs, Symptoms and effects:

Cold intolerance
Peripheral Paresthesia
Bloating

A

Hypothyroidism

32
Q

Detection: lab test for elevated TSH of low free T4

A

Hypothyroidism

33
Q

Treated with levothyroxine

A

Hypothyroidism

34
Q

Basic pathophysiology of ____?

Benign tumor in pituitary
Most common cause of pituitary dysfunction in adults

A

Pituitary Adenoma

35
Q

Signs, symptoms & effects:

Hair & Skin texture difference
Sexual dysfunction
Gigantism in children

A

Pituitary Adenoma

36
Q

Can lead to nerve palsy, headaches, visual disturbance

A

Pituitary Adenoma

37
Q

Can cause Cushing’s Disease if produces ACTH (Acetylcholine)

A

Pituitary Adenoma

38
Q

Surgical removal of tumor, or radiation

A

Pituitary Adenoma

39
Q

Increase in glucose production by the liver, insulin resistance and decreased insulin production.

Name the Dz:

A

DM II

40
Q

Risk factors of DM II:

A
  • Obesity
  • Genetic predisposition
  • > 45 yo
  • African American
  • Native American
  • Stimulated by other drugs and environmental factors
  • Infections of pancreas and endocrine system
  • Elevated cholesterol and BP
41
Q

These are the signs and symptoms of what Dz?

  • Shortness of breath
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Altered mental fxn
  • Possible syndrome X
A

DM II

42
Q

Treatments for DM II:

A
  • Oral glucose lowering agents
  • No insulin injection required
  • Exercise reduction of glucose intolerance
43
Q

Name the tier 1 Dz of the endocrine system.

A
  • DM I
  • DM II
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Pituitary Adenoma
44
Q

Menopause is a tier 1 or 2 “Dz” of the endocrine system.

A

Tier 2

45
Q

Progressive loss of ovarian fxn culminating in the final episode of menstrual bleeding.

Name the “Dz.”

A

Menopause

46
Q

What hormone levels are reduced in menopause?

A

Estrogen and androgen

47
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A

Hot flashes, skin atrophy, decreased breast size, osteoporosis.

48
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Hypothyroidism

A

T1

49
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Pituitary Adenoma

A

T1

50
Q

Pathophysiology:

Caused by prolonged use of glucocoticoids, or hyperactive adrenal gland

A

Cushing’s syndrome

51
Q

Causes elevated cortisol levels

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

52
Q

Rare disorder caused by the destruction of adrenal glands (autoimmune usually)

A

Addison’s Disease

53
Q

Can be caused by TB and histoplasmic granulomatous infiltration

A

Addison’s Disease

54
Q

Deficiency in cortisol

A

Addison’s Disease

55
Q

Small benign tumor most often found in the adrenal medulla (can also develop around the sympathetic ganglia?

A

Pheochromocytoma

56
Q

Secretes excessive catecholamines

A

Pheochromocytoma

57
Q

Significant cause of secondary systemic hypertension

A

Pheochromocytoma

58
Q

Inflammation of the thyroid gland results in:

A

Hashimotos Thyroiditis

59
Q

The most common thyroid Dz, most common cause of goiter, and most common autoimmune Dz:

A

Hashimotos Thyroiditis

60
Q

Vascular damage to pituitary gland resulting from an acute hemorrhage in the gland mostly caused by trauma

A

Pituitary Apoplexy

61
Q

Causes severe hypoglycemia and drop in blood pressure

A

Pituitary Apoplexy

62
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Hashimotos Thyroiditis

A

T2

63
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Pituitary Apoplexy

A

T2

64
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

T2

65
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Addison’s Disease

A

T2

66
Q

Tier 1 or 2?

Pheochromocytoma

A

T2

Clinical Medicine (7 decks)

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