Endocrine Physiology Flashcards
G-protein-coupled receptors:
GTP is stimulated by: _________ and inhibited by _________ and __________
Stimulated by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)
Inhibited by GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) and RGS proteins (regulation of G protein signaling)
Signal transduction systems used by all hypothalamic hormones except CRH:
IP3/DAG
Signal transduction system used by:
ADH (V2 receptor: collecting duct of kidneys)
cAMP
Signal transduction system used by:
ADH (V1 receptor: blood vessels)
IP3/DAG
Signal transduction system used by:
Leptin, IGF-1, Insulin, EPO, GH, Prolactin
Tyrosine kinase
Signal transduction system used by:
ANP, EDRF, nitric oxide
cGMP
Signal transduction system used by: Angiotensin II (epithelial cells)
cAMP
Signal transduction system used by: Angiotensin II (vascular smooth muscle)
IP3/DAG
Signal transduction system used by:
Catecholamines (B1 and B2 receptors)
cAMP
Signal transduction system used by:
Catecholamines (A1 receptors)
IP3/DAG
Signal transduction system used by:
CRH
cAMP
Signal transduction system used by:
Glucagon, Somatostatin, PTH, HCG, Calcitonin, ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, secretin
cAMP
Signal transduction system used by:
GnRH, TRH, GHRH, oxytocin
IP3/DAG
Transport of steroid hormone
Bound to proteins
Active form of steroid hormones
Free, unbound form
Main site of inactivation of hormones
Liver
Mechanism for removal of hormones
Liver, kidneys
Number of hormone receptors - constant or variable?
Variable
Minimum amount of hormone to produce effect
1 picogram per mL
Onset of hormone effects
seconds to months