Endocrine Pharm

Question 1

brand name, MOA

Calcitrol

Answer 1

Rocaltrol

Vitamin D synthetic analog

increases gut absorption of Calcium

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 2

Phos-lo

brand name, MOA

Answer 2

Binds to PO4++ to increase secretion via GI

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

Levothyroxine

brand name, MOA

Answer 3

Synthroid

Synthetic T4

used to treat hypothyroidism, ultimately reduces TSH levels

give full dose to children, decrease dose 50% or 25% to avoid cardiac shock

Question 4

I 131

Answer 4

radioactive iodide

injected into and permanently destroyed the thyroid

hyperthyroidism, can not be used on pregnant women

Question 5

Propanolol

brand name, MOA

Answer 5

Inderal

beta blocker, blocks adrenergic effects of hyperthyroidism

(tachycardia, increased EF, heat and weight loss)

only provides symptom relief

Question 6

Methimazole

brand name, MOA

Answer 6

Tapazole

blocks synthetic thyroid hormone synthesis

hyperthyroidism, can have nasty side effects

Question 7

Fludrocortisone

Answer 7

florinef

artificial aldosterone

adrenal insufficiency

must be dosed properly to prevent passing out or swelling

Question 8

Spironolactone

Answer 8

Aldactone

aldosterone antagonist

blocks effects of aldosterone at the kidney

hyperaldosteronism caused by adrenal hyperplasia

Question 9

hydrocortisone

Answer 9

cortef

artificial cortisone

adrenal insufficiency

dose 2/3 in morning and 1/3 in evening bc of natural cortisol surge in morning

Question 10

Insulin glargine

Answer 10

lantus

slow basal coverage

lasts all days, 1x/day no peaks

Question 11

NPH insulin

Answer 11

slow onset
basal coverage

inexpensive

lasts for 12 hours 2x/day

some peaks

Question 12

regular insulin

Answer 12

slower onset

lasts 5-7 hours

main use is for a drip following DKA

Question 13

Insulin inspro

Answer 13

Aspart

acts faster than regular insulin

must be taken at longest 20 min before meal to avoid hypoglycemia (carb front load meals)

can be used for insulin pump

Question 14

Canagliflozin

Answer 14

Class: SGLUT 2

Invokana

inhibits glucose reabsorption by the kidney (pee all glucose out)

T2DM

weight loss, increases risk for DKA, UTI

Question 15

Pioglitazone

Answer 15

class: TZD
Actone

increases glucose uptake in muscle, fat

decreases glucose production by the liver

T2DM

weight gain, many contraindication

Question 16

stigaliptin

Answer 16

Class: insulin mimetic
Januvia

inhibits breakdown of endogenous GLP

slows food break down, full longer

weight loss, must be injected

Question 17

Exenatide

Answer 17

Byetta

class: insulin mimetic

glucagon like peptide, promotes glucose secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying

weight loss, feel full longer only releases insulin when needed (no hypoglycemia)

must be injected

Question 18

Glipizide

Answer 18

Glucatrol

class: slufonylureas

stimulates pancreatic beta cells to make more insulin

cheap and powerful

causes hypoglycemia and weight gain

Question 19

metformin

Answer 19

decreases glucose output from liver

sensitized peripheral cells to insulin

can’t be giving with elevatecreatinine

first line, no hypoglycemia, promotes weight loss, SE: diarrhea