Endocrine - Pancreas Flashcards
1
Q
what do the beta cells in the pancreas secrete?
A
insulin
2
Q
what do the alpha cells in the pancreas secrete?
A
glucagon
3
Q
what do the delta cells in the pancreas secrete?
A
somatostatin
4
Q
what do the PP cells (F cells) in the pancreas release?
A
pancreatic polypeptide
5
Q
what does somatostatin do?
A
- inhibits digestive system by inhibiting digestion of nutrients and decreases nutrient absorption
- also decreases secretion of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin itself
6
Q
when is somatostatin released?
A
in response to increased blood glucose and blood amino acids during absorption of a meal
7
Q
is insulin anabolic or catabolic?
A
anabolic
8
Q
what does insulin promote?
A
- glucose uptake into cells
- glycogen synthesis
- lipid synthesis
- protein synthesis by increasing amino acid uptake
9
Q
how is glucose transported between the blood and cells?
A
by means of a plasma membrane carrier known as glucose transporter (GLUT)
10
Q
what does glucagon do?
A
- releases glucose and elevates blood glucose
- stimulates gluconeogensis
- stimulates lipolysis (increase glycerol utilization and decrease triglyceride synthesis)
11
Q
diabetes mellitus
A
- inappropriate hyperglycemia due deficiency of insulin or reduction in effectiveness of insulin
12
Q
what happens during glucose toxicity due to chronic hyperglycaemia?
A
- oxidative stress due to increase in oxygen radicals
2. alterations of protein glycosylation and functions
