Cerebral Cortex & Cortical Localization

Question 1

what does the supplemental motor cortex and premotor cortex do?

Answer 1

involved in planning and programming of complex movement. Located in front of the primary motor cortex

Question 2

Broca’s area

Answer 2

found on the lateral edge of the frontal lobe and is important in speech formation

Question 3

Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 3

deficits in speech formation because this area is responsible for motor output for producing speech

Question 4

what is the rostral pole of the frontal lobe important for?

Answer 4

personality

Question 5

parietal association cortex

Answer 5

• combines sensory information
• awareness of our body and environment
• neglect syndrome can result from lesion of the right parietal cortex

Question 6

True of false, a person with wernicke’s aphasia is deaf

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

what is consciousness

Answer 7

the state of being aware, or perceiving physical facts or mental concepts; a state of general wakefulness and responsiveness to environment; a functioning sensorium

Question 8

stupor

Answer 8

a state of impaired consciousness in which the individual shows a marked diminution in reactivity to environmental stimuli and can be aroused only by continual stimulation

Question 9

coma

Answer 9

a state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused; may be due to the action of an ingested toxic substance or of one formed in the body, to trauma or to disease

Question 10

non-rem sleep

Answer 10

• several stages from light sleep to deep sleep

- from 1 to 4, EEg activity slows and gets more synchronized and has larger spike activity

Question 11

REM sleep

Answer 11

• limb and body muscles are inhibited through nervous system, no movements and muscle tone is low
• rapid eye movement beneath closed eyelids
• EEG activity looks like when you’re awake
• 4-6 times a night, more so later in the sleep period
• is essential

Question 12

cerebral (brain) death

Answer 12

permanent loss of cerebral and brain stem function, manifested by absence of responsiveness to external stimuli, absence of cephalic reflexes and apnea

Question 13

what are the signs of brain death?

Answer 13

1. no pupil reaction to light
2. no corneal reflex
3. no motor response to painful stimulus
4. no respiratory movements when disconnected from ventilator (no response to increased Co2)
5. no gag, cough, or sucking reflexes
6. no EEG (electroencephalogram) activity

Question 14

epilepsy

Answer 14

A chronic disorder characterized by paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to excessive neuronal discharge, and usually associated with some alteration of consciousness

Question 15

stroke

Answer 15

damage to the brain due to impairment of cerberal circulation

Question 16

what are the symptoms of stroke

Answer 16

1. weakness
2. trouble speaking
3. vision problems
4. headache
5. dizziness

Question 17

when is tPA administered?

Answer 17

for ischemic strokes (occlusion of blood vessel by a blood clot)

Question 18

PET scan

Answer 18

• positron emission topography
• radioactive tracer attached to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) molecule
• detectors localize photons emitted
• areas utilizing more glucose have higher labelling