Endocrine Liver 4

Question 1

Enterohepatic Circulation

Answer 1

resorption of bile salts at terminal ileum (dependent on Na+/BileSalt co-transport)

Question 2

What happens if Bile Acid/Salt resorption is interrupted?

Answer 2

altered bile composition (increase in cholesterol:BA ratio) in which cholesterol is more likely to precipitate out and can obstruct bile flow - will see more excretion of fat and decreased absorption of lipid soluble vitamins

Question 3

Vitamin Deficiency K

Answer 3

coagulation disorders

Question 4

Vitamin Deficiency D

Answer 4

osteroperosis

Question 5

Kupffer Cells

Answer 5

macrophages in walls of hepatic sinusoids; releases ROS, hydrolytic enzymes, cytokines –> leads to fibrosis

Question 6

Stellate Cells

Answer 6

major player in liver fibrosis found in Space of Disse. Activated by Kupffer cells when liver is damaged –> secrete collagen scar tissue

Question 7

What is the result of active Stellate Cells?

Answer 7

cirrhosis, increase resistance to hepatic vasculature, fibrosis (and ascites), and increase of pressure (and varicose veins)

Question 8

How is distal edema caused by liver failure?

Answer 8

albumin is produced by liver, so decrease will decrease osmotic pressure and fluid flows into interstitial space

Question 9

What proteins does the liver synthesize?

Answer 9

albumin, clotting factors (fibrinogen, prothrombin), hormone precursors (vitamin D), lipoproteins