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Endocrine Physiology > CH 8 Male Reproductive Sys > Flashcards

CH 8 Male Reproductive Sys Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Sertoli Cells located?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

Tract sperm from Sertoli Cells to Vas Deferens.

A

Sertoli Cells in seminiferous tubules –> rete testis –> efferent ductules –> epididymis –> vas deferens

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3
Q

What cells are responsible for secreting Testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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4
Q

What are the functions of Sertoli Cells?

A

form blood-testes barrier, signal spermatogenesis, produce inhibin B

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5
Q

What does the Epididymis do?

A

H+ secretion & acidification of luminal fluid

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6
Q

What do the Seminal Vesicles do?

A

secretion and storage of fructose-rich product

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7
Q

What does the Prostate do?

A

secretes acid proteins

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8
Q

What do the Bulbourethral glands do? (Cowper’s)

A

secrete mucus upon arousal

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9
Q

What cell does LH bind to?

A

Leydig Cells

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10
Q

What cell does FSH bind to?

A

Sertoli Cells

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11
Q

What stimulates inhibin B release?

A

FSH on Sertoli Cells

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12
Q

What receptor does Testosterone bind to?

A

Androgen Receptor AR

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13
Q

What substances and Testosterone be converted to? What are their effects?

A

dihydroxytestosterone DHT (most potent androgen) or 17B-estradiol (inhibitory effects on LH)

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14
Q

What does Inhibin B do?

A

negative feedback response to FSH stimulation from Sertoli Cells

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15
Q

What does Activin do?

A

produced locally by pituitary to stimulate FSH release (counteracts inhibin B)

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16
Q

What enzyme converts androsetenedione to testosterone?

A

17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

17
Q

What enzyme converts Testosterone to 17-B-extradiol

A

Aromatase (mainly in adipose tissue)

18
Q

What step of Testosterone synthesis is exclusive to the Gonads?

A

Androstenedione –> Testosterone (17-B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)

19
Q

Why would Inhibin B levels be clinically evaluated?

A

it correlates to total sperm count - evaluated as an index of spermatogenesis

20
Q

What are the binding proteins for testosterone? where are they found?

A

sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG (circulation); androgen-binding protein ABP (testis)

21
Q

How is testosterone degraded?

A

testosterone –> androstenedione –> 17-ketosteroid

22
Q

How is 17B-estradiol degraded?

A

17B-estradiol –> esterone –> catecholesterogens (degraded by COMT) or 16-alpha-hydroxyesterone (converted to estriol)

23
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?

A

5alpha-reductase (type 1 & type 2, which generates more DHT than type 1)

24
Q

How is DHT degraded?

A

3-alpha-androstenediol (via 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)

25
Q

What is Finasteride used for?

A

treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (5alpha-reductase inhibitor – can’t form DHT)

26
Q

How does testosterone differ from DHT?

A

testosterone controls sexual differentiation, libido, pubertal growth, and stimulation of spermatogenesis. DHT plays a major role in embryonic and pubertal external virilization (development of external genitalia, pubic hair, etc)

27
Q

How does differentiation into a male occur?

A

SRY gene signals differentiation of primordial cells to Sertoli Cells, which secrete Mullerian Inhibitory Factor, causing Wolffian Duct to proliferate. DHT causes growth of prostate and penis and fusion of labioscrotal folds. Leydig Cells secrete Insulin-like peptide 3 INSL3, which participates in testicular descent.

28
Q

What are the 3 steps of development of male phenotype?

A

determination of genetic sex, gonadal sex, and lastly, phenotypical sex

29
Q

Why is cryptorchidism important?

A

cryptorchidism (descent of scrotum) is important because spermatogenesis requires lower temperatures

30
Q

How does Leptin affect growth?

A

Increase in amplitude of GnRH pulses and amplitude of GH secretory bursts.

31
Q

What hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone

32
Q

How does testosterone effect adipocytes?

A

stimulates lipylosis

33
Q

How does Hypergonadism work? (testosterone)

A

premature virilization (can be gonadotropin dependent or independent) - enlargements of penis and testicles, body hair, spontaneous erections, acne

34
Q

How does Hypogonadism work? (testosterone)

A

decrease in bone and muscle mass (weakness), and libido in adults, appear more female-like

35
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

additional X chromosome - results in male infertility, hypogonadism, androgen deficiency, and impaired spermatogenesis

36
Q

How does hyperprolactinemia effect males?

A

prolactin inhibits GnRH – hopygonadotropic hypogonadism

Endocrine Physiology (15 decks)

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