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Anaphy Finals > Endocrine Lec > Flashcards

Endocrine Lec Flashcards

1
Q

4 classes of chemical messengers

A

Autocrine - eicosanoid
Paracrine - histamine
Neurotransmitter - Acetylcholine, epinephrine
Endocrine - thyroid hormones, growth hormones, insulin, epinephrine, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, PG

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2
Q

organic substances,
produced in small amounts by specific tissues (endocrine glands), secreted into the blood stream to control the

A

metabolic and biological activities in the target cells.

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3
Q

SYSTEMIC TARGET HORMONE INCLUDES

A

EXAMPLE, KIDNEY, TESTES OVARY ETC

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4
Q

NEUROHORMONES

A

• Thyrotrophin- releasing hormone (TRH)
• Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CH)
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
• Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
• Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
• Oxytocin
• Vasopressin

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5
Q

2 refelex in lactation (oxytocin)

A

Letdown reflex
Milk ejection reflex

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6
Q

The pituitary gland lies in the ___________ of the __________ below the ________.

A

Hypophyseal fossa (Sella turcica)
Sphenoid bone
hypothalamus

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7
Q

Division of pituitary gland

A

Anterior pituitary gland (Adeno hypophysis)
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

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8
Q

Hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland

A

•Growth hormone (GH)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
• Gonadotrophins
1. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
II. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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9
Q

The growth hormone’s release are;
Stimulated by:
Suppressed by:
Secreted by:

A

Growth releasing hormone (GHRH)
Growth hormone releasing inhibiting hormone (GHRIH)
Hypothalamus

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10
Q

After birth suckling simulate the:

A

Prolactin secretion and lactation

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11
Q

In females LH and FSH stimulate the secretion of

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone

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12
Q

In males LH stimulates the ____ ____ to produce _____

A

Interstitial cells
Testosterone

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13
Q

(Posterior pituitary gland)

Axon terminal release these two hormone within the posterior pituitary gland.

A
  1. Oxytoxin
  2. Antidiuntic hormone (ADH, Vasopressin)
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14
Q

Adh or the antidiuretic hormone acts on the:

A

convoluted tubules and collecing ducts of thenephrons of lichegs.

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15
Q

2 receptors of adh

A

Osmoreceptors *detect increased osmotic pressure
Baroreceptors * (aortic arch, carotid sinus) detect decreased blood pressure

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16
Q

Thyroid gland function: secretion of;

A

thyroxine and triiodothyronine
calcitonin

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17
Q

Thyroid gland hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)

18
Q

produce thyroid hormone

A

Thyroid follicles

19
Q

produce calcitonin

A

C-cells

20
Q

2 lobes in the thyroid gland is connected by the

A

isthmus

21
Q

4 parathyroid glands in humans

A

•2 superior and 2 inferior on posteromedial aspect of thyroid lobes

22
Q

Cells in parathyroid galnd

A

Chief cells
Oxyphill cells
Red blood cells

23
Q

Target organs for parathyroid gland (PTH) are:

A

bone, kidney and intestine

24
Q

Major function of parathyroid glands

A

Maintain body’s calcium and phosphate level

25
Q

Parathyroid glands mobilizes _____ and ____ from the bones.

A

Calcium and phosphate

26
Q

2 layers of adrenal glands

A

Cortex
Medulla

27
Q

Three zones of adrenal cortex

A
  1. zonaglomerulosa- is narrow and the cells are in a whorled pattern.
  2. zonafasciculata- wide and the cells lie in columns and
  3. zonareticularis- more randomly organised.
28
Q

(MEDULLA)
Catecholamines

A

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Enkephalin

29
Q

2 classes of steroids hormones

A

Sex steroids
Corticosteroids

30
Q

2 classes of corticosteroids

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids

31
Q

adrenocortical hormones

A

Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal androgens

32
Q

Adrenal gland hormone and target tissue

A

Adrenaline, sympathetic effectors
Noradrenaline, sympathetic effectors
Corticosteroids, all body tissue
Androgens, sex organs
Mineralocorticoids, kidney

33
Q

The pancreas is composed of two major types of tissues.

A

Acini
Islets of langerhans

34
Q

4 types of cells of islets of langerhans

A

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
PP-cells

35
Q

2 amino acid chains of insulin

A

Alpha chain
Beta chain

36
Q

Non-living substances; accessories of the reproductive system

A

Fluids
Hormones
Pheromones

37
Q

2 kinds of glandular structures in ovary

A

Graafian follicles
Corpus luteum

38
Q

Hormones of Ovaries

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin

39
Q

Estrogen are of three types.

A

B-Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol

40
Q

Major endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid and parathyroid
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Ovary
Testes

Anaphy Finals (7 decks)

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