Endocrine-Hormones Flashcards
What hormones are made in the anterior pituitary(6)
- Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH or corticotropin)-Controls secretion of adrenal cortex hormones
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin): Controls secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by thyroid gland
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (PRL); Promotes mammary gland development and lactation
5; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
NAME 6 HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES that CONTROL
ANTERIOR PITUITARY SECRETION
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
- Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
- Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
- Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) or Somatostatin
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)
- Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)
What hormones are made in posterior pituitary?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / vasopressin)
Oxytocin
What does Antidiuretic hormone (AHD / vasopressin) do?
Regulates water excretions as urine by the kidneys
What does oxytocin do?
- Facilitates milk expression during breast feeding
2. Role in uterine contraction / labor initiation and progression
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) *
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus
PURPOSE: stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
STIMULATED BY:
thyroid hormone levels are low
INHIBITED BY:
level of thyroid hormones is high enough, the hormones feedback to stop the hypothalamus from secreting TRH and the pituitary from secreting TSH
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) *
PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus
PURPOSE: regulates neuroendocrine, sympathetic, and behavioral functions in response to stress.
-activates the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
STIMULATED BY: stress» production of cortisol
INHIBITED BY:
increase in serum coristol
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)*
PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus
PURPOSE: stimulates growth hormone synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland.
STIMULATED BY: increases in response to physical and emotional stress
INHIBITED BY: increasing levels of GH and insulin like growth factor 1 tell hypothalamus to stop making GHRH and to produce somatostatin which inhibits GHRH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) *
PRODUCED BY: hypothalmus
PURPOSE: release FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary
*in men, these hormones cause the testicles to make testosterone. In women, they cause the ovaries to make estrogen and progesterone.
STIMULATED BY: low testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone
INHIBITED BY: high testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)*
NEGATIVE FEED BACK
PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary gland
PURPOSE: stimulates production of cortisol in adrenal gland
STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels cause corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to be produced by hypothalamus which stimulates ACTH production
INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels
Thyroxine (T4)*
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid
PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones.
STIMULATED BY: TSH
INHIBITED BY: somatostatin
Triiodothyroxine (T3)*
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid
PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and function, and the maintenance of bones.
STIMULATED BY: TSH
INHIBITED BY: somatostatin
2 hormones from Posterior Pituitary
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. oxytocin
3 hormones from thyroid
T4
T3
calcitonin
3 hormones from adrenal
aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
cortisol (glucocorticoids)
adrenal androgens
2 hormones from medulla
epinepherine
norepinepherine
4 hormones from pancreas
insulin
glucagon
amylin
somatostatin
1 hormone from parathyroid
parathyroid hormone
1 hormone from pineal gland
melatonin
hormone receptors are ______
proteins
When T4 enters the bloodstream, it is converted to___
T3
Cortisol
the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Important for metabolism and immune response
Negative feedback system
most common feedback system
-hormone gets released goes out and does job and when job is done doing its job, it sends a signal back to stop making the hormone
Positive feedback system
gets more hormone till you’re done; fight or flight
Growth hormone (GH) *
PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary
PURPOSE: normal tissue growth; aging, sleep, nutritional status, stress, and reproductive hormones, bone growth
STIMULATED BY: GHRH
INHIBITED BY: somatostatin (GHIH)
Prolactin (PRL) *
PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary
PURPOSE: induce milk production
STIMULATED BY: estrogen; TRH; suckling
INHIBITED BY: (PIH)
Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)
aka somatostatin
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus
PURPOSE: inhibits the pituitary gland’s secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
STIMULATED BY: high levels of GH and TSH
INHIBITED BY: low growth hormone
Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)
PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus
PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of prolactin
INHIBITED BY: dopamine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin)*
PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary
PURPOSE:to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels; reduces amount of water passed in urine
STIMULATED BY: low blood volume, high plasma osmolality
INHIBITED BY: high blood volume, low plasma osmolality, alcohol
Oxytocin*
POSITIVE FEED BACK
PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary
PURPOSE: contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation
STIMULATED BY: contractions and stimulation of nipples
INHIBITED BY: stress that cause release of catecholamines
Glucagon*
PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas
PURPOSE: treat very low blood sugar
STIMULATED BY: low blood glucose, protein-rich meals and adrenaline (like with exercise)
INHIBITED BY: high blood glucose; ingestion of carbohydrates
Cortisol*
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland
PURPOSE:metabolism and the immune response, helps body respond to STRESS, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues
STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels
INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels
Aldosterone*
PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland
PURPOSE: regulate blood pressure
STIMULATED BY: decrease blood flow in kidneys
INHIBITED BY: increased blood volume and increase sodium
Somatostatin
PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas
PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon
STIMULATED BY: by increased serum glucose, fatty acids and amino acids and the presence of GI hormones in response to food intake
INHIBITED BY: GHIH from hypothalamus suppresses GH too
Insulin*
PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas
PURPOSE: Regulate blood sugar levels; helps cells in the body use glucose for energy
STIMULATED BY:high glucose
INHIBITED BY: low glucose levels
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)*
PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary
PURPOSE: controls production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine
STIMULATED BY: thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
INHIBITED BY: high levels of T3 and T4
