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Adv Patho > Endocrine-Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine-Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are made in the anterior pituitary(6)

A
  1. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH or corticotropin)-Controls secretion of adrenal cortex hormones
  2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin): Controls secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by thyroid gland
  3. Growth hormone (GH)
  4. Prolactin (PRL); Promotes mammary gland development and lactation
    5; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  5. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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2
Q

NAME 6 HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES that CONTROL

ANTERIOR PITUITARY SECRETION

A
  1. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
  2. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  3. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
  4. Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) or Somatostatin
  5. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)
  6. Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)
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3
Q

What hormones are made in posterior pituitary?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / vasopressin)

Oxytocin

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4
Q

What does Antidiuretic hormone (AHD / vasopressin) do?

A

Regulates water excretions as urine by the kidneys

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5
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A
  1. Facilitates milk expression during breast feeding

2. Role in uterine contraction / labor initiation and progression

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6
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) *

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

STIMULATED BY:
thyroid hormone levels are low

INHIBITED BY:
level of thyroid hormones is high enough, the hormones feedback to stop the hypothalamus from secreting TRH and the pituitary from secreting TSH

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7
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) *

A

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: regulates neuroendocrine, sympathetic, and behavioral functions in response to stress.

-activates the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland.

STIMULATED BY: stress» production of cortisol

INHIBITED BY:
increase in serum coristol

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8
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)*

A

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: stimulates growth hormone synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland.

STIMULATED BY: increases in response to physical and emotional stress

INHIBITED BY: increasing levels of GH and insulin like growth factor 1 tell hypothalamus to stop making GHRH and to produce somatostatin which inhibits GHRH

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9
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) *

A

PRODUCED BY: hypothalmus

PURPOSE: release FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary
*in men, these hormones cause the testicles to make testosterone. In women, they cause the ovaries to make estrogen and progesterone.

STIMULATED BY: low testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone

INHIBITED BY: high testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)*

NEGATIVE FEED BACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary gland

PURPOSE: stimulates production of cortisol in adrenal gland

STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels cause corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to be produced by hypothalamus which stimulates ACTH production

INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels

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11
Q

Thyroxine (T4)*

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid

PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones.

STIMULATED BY: TSH

INHIBITED BY: somatostatin

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12
Q

Triiodothyroxine (T3)*

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid

PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and function, and the maintenance of bones.

STIMULATED BY: TSH

INHIBITED BY: somatostatin

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13
Q

2 hormones from Posterior Pituitary

A
  1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

2. oxytocin

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14
Q

3 hormones from thyroid

A

T4
T3
calcitonin

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15
Q

3 hormones from adrenal

A

aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
cortisol (glucocorticoids)
adrenal androgens

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16
Q

2 hormones from medulla

A

epinepherine

norepinepherine

17
Q

4 hormones from pancreas

A

insulin
glucagon
amylin
somatostatin

18
Q

1 hormone from parathyroid

A

parathyroid hormone

19
Q

1 hormone from pineal gland

A

melatonin

20
Q

hormone receptors are ______

A

proteins

21
Q

When T4 enters the bloodstream, it is converted to___

A

T3

22
Q

Cortisol

A

the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Important for metabolism and immune response

23
Q

Negative feedback system

A

most common feedback system
-hormone gets released goes out and does job and when job is done doing its job, it sends a signal back to stop making the hormone

24
Q

Positive feedback system

A

gets more hormone till you’re done; fight or flight

25
Q

Growth hormone (GH) *

A

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary

PURPOSE: normal tissue growth; aging, sleep, nutritional status, stress, and reproductive hormones, bone growth

STIMULATED BY: GHRH

INHIBITED BY: somatostatin (GHIH)

26
Q

Prolactin (PRL) *

A

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary

PURPOSE: induce milk production

STIMULATED BY: estrogen; TRH; suckling

INHIBITED BY: (PIH)

27
Q

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)
aka somatostatin
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: inhibits the pituitary gland’s secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone

STIMULATED BY: high levels of GH and TSH

INHIBITED BY: low growth hormone

28
Q

Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)

A

PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of prolactin

INHIBITED BY: dopamine

29
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin)*

A

PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary

PURPOSE:to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels; reduces amount of water passed in urine

STIMULATED BY: low blood volume, high plasma osmolality

INHIBITED BY: high blood volume, low plasma osmolality, alcohol

30
Q

Oxytocin*

POSITIVE FEED BACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary

PURPOSE: contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation

STIMULATED BY: contractions and stimulation of nipples

INHIBITED BY: stress that cause release of catecholamines

31
Q

Glucagon*

A

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas

PURPOSE: treat very low blood sugar

STIMULATED BY: low blood glucose, protein-rich meals and adrenaline (like with exercise)

INHIBITED BY: high blood glucose; ingestion of carbohydrates

32
Q

Cortisol*

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland

PURPOSE:metabolism and the immune response, helps body respond to STRESS, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues

STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels

INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels

33
Q

Aldosterone*

A

PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland

PURPOSE: regulate blood pressure

STIMULATED BY: decrease blood flow in kidneys

INHIBITED BY: increased blood volume and increase sodium

34
Q

Somatostatin

A

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas

PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

STIMULATED BY: by increased serum glucose, fatty acids and amino acids and the presence of GI hormones in response to food intake

INHIBITED BY: GHIH from hypothalamus suppresses GH too

35
Q

Insulin*

A

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas

PURPOSE: Regulate blood sugar levels; helps cells in the body use glucose for energy

STIMULATED BY:high glucose

INHIBITED BY: low glucose levels

36
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)*

A

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary

PURPOSE: controls production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine

STIMULATED BY: thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

INHIBITED BY: high levels of T3 and T4

Adv Patho (23 decks)

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