Endocrine-Hormones Flashcards by liz deadman

What hormones are made in the anterior pituitary(6)

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH or corticotropin)-Controls secretion of adrenal cortex hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin): Controls secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by thyroid gland
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL); Promotes mammary gland development and lactation
5; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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NAME 6 HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES that CONTROL

ANTERIOR PITUITARY SECRETION

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) or Somatostatin
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)
Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)

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What hormones are made in posterior pituitary?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / vasopressin)

Oxytocin

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What does Antidiuretic hormone (AHD / vasopressin) do?

Regulates water excretions as urine by the kidneys

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What does oxytocin do?

Facilitates milk expression during breast feeding

2. Role in uterine contraction / labor initiation and progression

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Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) *

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

STIMULATED BY:
thyroid hormone levels are low

INHIBITED BY:
level of thyroid hormones is high enough, the hormones feedback to stop the hypothalamus from secreting TRH and the pituitary from secreting TSH

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Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) *

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: regulates neuroendocrine, sympathetic, and behavioral functions in response to stress.

-activates the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland.

STIMULATED BY: stress» production of cortisol

INHIBITED BY:
increase in serum coristol

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Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)*

PRODUCED BY: hypothalamus

PURPOSE: stimulates growth hormone synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland.

STIMULATED BY: increases in response to physical and emotional stress

INHIBITED BY: increasing levels of GH and insulin like growth factor 1 tell hypothalamus to stop making GHRH and to produce somatostatin which inhibits GHRH

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Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) *

PRODUCED BY: hypothalmus

PURPOSE: release FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary
*in men, these hormones cause the testicles to make testosterone. In women, they cause the ovaries to make estrogen and progesterone.

STIMULATED BY: low testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone

INHIBITED BY: high testosterone and oestradiol/progesterone

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Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)*

NEGATIVE FEED BACK

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary gland

PURPOSE: stimulates production of cortisol in adrenal gland

STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels cause corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to be produced by hypothalamus which stimulates ACTH production

INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels

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Thyroxine (T4)*

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid

PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones.

STIMULATED BY: TSH

INHIBITED BY: somatostatin

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Triiodothyroxine (T3)*

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

PRODUCED WHERE: thyroid

PURPOSE: metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and function, and the maintenance of bones.

STIMULATED BY: TSH

INHIBITED BY: somatostatin

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2 hormones from Posterior Pituitary

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

2. oxytocin

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3 hormones from thyroid

T4
T3
calcitonin

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3 hormones from adrenal

aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
cortisol (glucocorticoids)
adrenal androgens

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2 hormones from medulla

epinepherine

norepinepherine

4 hormones from pancreas

insulin
glucagon
amylin
somatostatin

1 hormone from parathyroid

parathyroid hormone

1 hormone from pineal gland

melatonin

hormone receptors are ______

proteins

When T4 enters the bloodstream, it is converted to___

Cortisol

the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain’s use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Important for metabolism and immune response

Negative feedback system

most common feedback system
-hormone gets released goes out and does job and when job is done doing its job, it sends a signal back to stop making the hormone

Positive feedback system

gets more hormone till you’re done; fight or flight

Growth hormone (GH) *

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary PURPOSE: normal tissue growth; aging, sleep, nutritional status, stress, and reproductive hormones, bone growth STIMULATED BY: GHRH INHIBITED BY: somatostatin (GHIH)

Prolactin (PRL) *

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary PURPOSE: induce milk production STIMULATED BY: estrogen; TRH; suckling INHIBITED BY: (PIH)

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) aka somatostatin NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus PURPOSE: inhibits the pituitary gland's secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone STIMULATED BY: high levels of GH and TSH INHIBITED BY: low growth hormone

Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH)

PRODUCED WHERE: hypothalamus PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of prolactin INHIBITED BY: dopamine

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin)*

PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary PURPOSE:to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels; reduces amount of water passed in urine STIMULATED BY: low blood volume, high plasma osmolality INHIBITED BY: high blood volume, low plasma osmolality, alcohol

Oxytocin* | POSITIVE FEED BACK

PRODUCED WHERE: posterior pituitary PURPOSE: contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation STIMULATED BY: contractions and stimulation of nipples INHIBITED BY: stress that cause release of catecholamines

Glucagon*

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas PURPOSE: treat very low blood sugar STIMULATED BY: low blood glucose, protein-rich meals and adrenaline (like with exercise) INHIBITED BY: high blood glucose; ingestion of carbohydrates

Cortisol* | NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland PURPOSE:metabolism and the immune response, helps body respond to STRESS, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues STIMULATED BY: low cortisol levels INHIBITED BY: high cortisol levels

Aldosterone*

PRODUCED WHERE: adrenal gland PURPOSE: regulate blood pressure STIMULATED BY: decrease blood flow in kidneys INHIBITED BY: increased blood volume and increase sodium

Somatostatin

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas PURPOSE: inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon STIMULATED BY: by increased serum glucose, fatty acids and amino acids and the presence of GI hormones in response to food intake INHIBITED BY: GHIH from hypothalamus suppresses GH too

Insulin*

PRODUCED WHERE: pancreas PURPOSE: Regulate blood sugar levels; helps cells in the body use glucose for energy STIMULATED BY:high glucose INHIBITED BY: low glucose levels

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)*

PRODUCED WHERE: anterior pituitary PURPOSE: controls production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine STIMULATED BY: thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus INHIBITED BY: high levels of T3 and T4