Endocrine Histology Flashcards
Direct Hypothalamus Targets
Anterior Pituitary Gland, Kidneys, Uterus, Adrenal Medulla
Indirect Hypothalamus Targets
Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Cortex, Mammary Gland, Gonads, Bones
Anterior Pituitary Cells and Their Products
Somatotropic: Growth Hormone
Thyrotropic: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Corticotropic: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Gonadotropic: Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone
Mammotropic: Prolactin
Superior Hypophyseal Artery Function
Carry blood and hormones from hypothalamus to Anterior Pituitary
Inferior Hypophyseal Artery Function
Carries blood to the Posterior Pituitary
Picks up ADH and Oxytocin from hypothalamus neurosecretory bodies
Gigantism Cause and Types
Caused by excess GH
Very tall if GH before growth plates fuse
Acromegaly if GH after growth plates fuse
Pineal Gland Secretions
Melatonin
Serotonin
Thyroid Follicular Cell Function
Contains colloid fluid which has thyroglobulin to store thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Thyroid Parafollicular Cell Function
C cells release calcitonin to decrease serum Calcium
Hypothyroidism
Dysfunction and Symptoms
Decreased T3 and T4 production
Causes hypometabolism, chilliness, lethargy, weight gain and edema
Goiters
Dysfunction and Cause
Nonfunctional T3/T4 and swollen thyroid gland
Caused by excessive TSH from low iodide intake, Thyroid Neoplasm, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Parathyroid Hormone
Release Site and Functions
Released by chief cells in parathyroid gland
Targets osteoclasts to increase Calcium
Targets kidneys to reabsorb Calcium and increase calcitriol production
Calcitriol increases intestinal Calcium absorption
Suprarenal Cortex
Zones and Products
Glomerulosa: Aldosterone (mineralcorticoids)
Fasciculata: Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
Reticulata: Androgens
Suprarenal Medulla
Cell Type and Products
Chromaffin cells
Release NE/E
Addison’s Disease
Dysfunction and Effects
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
Low blood Glucose/Sodium and severe dehydration
