ENDOCRINE GLANDS (ANATOMY)

Question 1

Cells release signaling molecules (hormones, growth factors, etc.) Into the extracellular fluid, which act on nearby target cells.

Answer 1

Paracrine secretion

Question 2

Occurs when two adjacent cells directly interact with each other through specific cell surface receptors or ligands and affects target cells when the cells make contact

Answer 2

Juxtacrine secretion

Question 3

cell releasing signaling molecules that act on receptors present on the same cells or cells of the same type.

Answer 3

autocrine secretion

Question 4

Location of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

Sella turcica

Question 5

Oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm from the roof of the primitive mouth and grows cranially forming the

Answer 5

Hypophyseal pouch or rathke pouch

Question 6

Vascular portal system carrying small
regulatory peptides from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis.

Answer 6

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Question 7

Supply the median eminence and the
infundibular stalk.

Answer 7

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Question 8

Provide blood mainly for the neurohypophysis.

Answer 8

Inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 9

Fenestrated capillaries that irrigate the
infundibular stalk and median eminence.

Answer 9

Primary Plexus

Question 10

Carries neuropeptides from the median eminence the short distance to the adenohypophysis where they either stimulate or inhibit hormone release.

Answer 10

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Question 11

components are cords of well-stained
endocrine cells interspersed with
fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular
connective tissue.

Answer 11

Pars Distalis

Question 12

Releasing Somatotropin & Prolactin

Answer 12

Acidphils

Question 13

Contains Corticotrophs, Gonadotrophs & Thyrotrophs

Answer 13

Basophils

Question 14

Has acidophils and basophils

Answer 14

Chromophils

Question 15

stain weakly, with few or no secretory granules, and also represent a heterogeneous group.

Answer 15

Chromophobes

Question 16

a smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis.

Answer 16

Pars Tuberalis

Question 17

contains basophils (corticotrophs), chromophobes, and small, colloid-filled cysts derived from the lumen of the embryonic hypophyseal pouch.

Answer 17

Pars Intermedia

Question 18

control the activities of the cells of the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 18

Hypothalamic hormones

Question 19

highly branched glial cells that resemble astrocytes.

Answer 19

Pituicytes

Question 20

axonal dilation where both hormones are being stored before release to capillaries in the posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Herring Bodies

Question 21

paired flattened structures with a half- moon
shape organs lying near the superior poles of
the kidneys, embedded in the pararenal
adipose tissue and fascia

Answer 21

Adrenal gland

Question 22

Concentric zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 22

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

Question 23

consists of columnar or pyramidal cells with many capillaries

Answer 23

Zona glomerulosa

Question 24

these cells secrete glucocorticoids, especially cortisol.

Answer 24

Zona fasciculata

Question 25

produce cortisol but primarily secrete
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Answer 25

Zona reticularis

Question 26

composed of polyhedral cells arranged in cords or clumps and supported by a reticular fiber network.

Answer 26

Adrenal medulla

Question 27

postganglionic neurons, lacking axons and dendrites
and specialized as secretory cells; for storage and secretion of catecholamines (epinephrine &
norepinephrine).

Answer 27

Chromaffin cells

Question 28

compact spherical or ovoid masses of
endocrine cells embedded within the acinar
exocrine tissue of the pancreas

Answer 28

Pancreatic islets

Question 29

Production of thyroid hormone

Answer 29

1. Production of thyroglobulin
2. Uptake of iodide
3. Iodination of tyrosyl residues
4. Formation of T3 and T4 (thyroxine)
5. Endocytosis of iodinated thyroglobulin
6. Secretion of T3 and T4

Question 30

endocrine cells of the parathyroid glands that contains irregularly shaped cytoplasmic granules with PTH.

Answer 30

Principal (chief) cells

Question 31

prominent and abundant secretory cells that produce melatonin.

Answer 31

Pinealocytes

Question 32

also known as the epiphysis cerebri

Answer 32

Pineal gland