ENDOCRINE GLANDS (ANATOMY) Flashcards
Cells release signaling molecules (hormones, growth factors, etc.) Into the extracellular fluid, which act on nearby target cells.
Paracrine secretion
Occurs when two adjacent cells directly interact with each other through specific cell surface receptors or ligands and affects target cells when the cells make contact
Juxtacrine secretion
cell releasing signaling molecules that act on receptors present on the same cells or cells of the same type.
autocrine secretion
Location of the pituitary gland
Sella turcica
Oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm from the roof of the primitive mouth and grows cranially forming the
Hypophyseal pouch or rathke pouch
Vascular portal system carrying small
regulatory peptides from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis.
Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
Supply the median eminence and the
infundibular stalk.
Superior hypophyseal arteries
Provide blood mainly for the neurohypophysis.
Inferior hypophyseal arteries
Fenestrated capillaries that irrigate the
infundibular stalk and median eminence.
Primary Plexus
Carries neuropeptides from the median eminence the short distance to the adenohypophysis where they either stimulate or inhibit hormone release.
Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
components are cords of well-stained
endocrine cells interspersed with
fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular
connective tissue.
Pars Distalis
Releasing Somatotropin & Prolactin
Acidphils
Contains Corticotrophs, Gonadotrophs & Thyrotrophs
Basophils
Has acidophils and basophils
Chromophils
stain weakly, with few or no secretory granules, and also represent a heterogeneous group.
Chromophobes
a smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis.
Pars Tuberalis
contains basophils (corticotrophs), chromophobes, and small, colloid-filled cysts derived from the lumen of the embryonic hypophyseal pouch.
Pars Intermedia
control the activities of the cells of the anterior pituitary gland.
Hypothalamic hormones
highly branched glial cells that resemble astrocytes.
Pituicytes
axonal dilation where both hormones are being stored before release to capillaries in the posterior pituitary
Herring Bodies
paired flattened structures with a half- moon
shape organs lying near the superior poles of
the kidneys, embedded in the pararenal
adipose tissue and fascia
Adrenal gland
Concentric zones of the adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
consists of columnar or pyramidal cells with many capillaries
Zona glomerulosa
these cells secrete glucocorticoids, especially cortisol.
Zona fasciculata
