Bone

Question 1

Cell composition of bone tissue

Answer 1

Osteocytes
Osteoblast
Osteoclasts

Question 2

produce the organic components of bone matrix (type I collagen fibers, proteoglycans and osteonectin)

Answer 2

Osteoblast

Question 3

differentiated osteoblast that is singly enclosed in

Answer 3

Lacunae

Question 4

penetrate the bone matrix and bind the periosteum to the bone

Answer 4

Perforating fibers (Sharpey)

Question 5

covers small trabeculae of bony
matrix that project into the marrow cavities

Answer 5

Endosteum

Question 6

the bulbous ends of long bone
are composed of cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of compact cortical bone.

Answer 6

Epiphyses

Question 7

the cylindrical part is almost totally dense compact bone, with a thin region of cancellous bone on the inner surface around the central marrow cavity

Answer 7

Diaphysis

Question 8

Types of bone

Answer 8

Compact bone
Spongy bone (cancellous bone)
Woven bone (primary bone)
Lamellar bone

Question 9

Dense bone immediately beneath the periosteum

Answer 9

Compact bone

Question 10

small bony trabeculae or spicules

Answer 10

Spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Question 11

nonlamellar and characterized by random disposition of type I collagen fibers

Answer 11

Woven bone (primary bone)

Question 12

characterized by multiple layers or lamellae of calcified matrix

Answer 12

Lamellar bone

Question 13

refers to the complex of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal that contains small blood vessels, nerves, and endosteum

Answer 13

Osteon or Haversian system

Question 14

are transverse canals where canals communicate with one another.

Answer 14

Perforating canals (or Volkmann canals)

Question 15

takes place within condensed sheets (“membranes”) of embryonic mesenchymal tissue.

Answer 15

Intramembranous Ossification

Question 16

a preexisting matrix of hyaline cartilage is
eroded and invaded by osteoblasts, which then begin osteoid production

Answer 16

Endochondral Ossification

Question 17

Osteogenesis or Bone Development occurs by one or two processes:

Answer 17

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

Question 18

places where bones meet, or articulate, allowing at least the potential for bending or movement in that portion of the
skeleton.

Answer 18

Joints

Question 19

raises low blood calcium levels

Answer 19

Parathyroid hormone

Question 20

reduce elevated blood calcium levels

Answer 20

Calcitonin

Question 21

has an overall growth-promoting effect

Answer 21

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

Question 22

joints with very limited or no movement

Answer 22

Synarthroses

Question 23

freely mobile joints

Answer 23

Diarthoses

Question 24

join bones by dense connective tissue only

Answer 24

Syndesmoses

Question 25

have a thick pad of fibrocartilage between the thin articular cartilage covering the ends of the bones.

Answer 25

Symphyses