Endocrine: Diabetes (Non-Insulin) Flashcards
1
Q
What does Metformin treat?
A
- diabetes
- prediabetes
- PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)
2
Q
What else is Metformin called?
A
weight neutral drug, does not cause hypoglycemia
3
Q
Metformin adverse effects?
A
- associated w/ GI issues (N/D)
- take with meals (start low, go slow)
- accumulation of lactic acidosis, renal impairment (rare but deadly!)
4
Q
Metformin nursing considerations?
A
Lactic Acidosis:
- fatal for metformin to build up
- if receiving contrast (media dye), you MUST hold metformin 48 hours AFTER procedure
5
Q
How does Metformin differ from other diabetes medications?
A
Most diabetes medications cause hypoglycemia and weight gain, but NOT METFORMIN!
6
Q
Metformin drug interactions?
A
- Alcohol- both drugs prevent break down of lactic acid
- Contrast/Radiocontrast/Dye- avoid metformin 48 hours after
7
Q
How do we eliminate metformin from body?
A
- KIDNEYS! Watch SCr/BUN
- Don’t use in severe kidney disease
8
Q
Types of Sulfonylureas?
A
- glipizide
- glyburide
-
glimepiride
Think of HypoGLYcemia
9
Q
What do Sulfonylureas treat?
A
- Only for DM2 (increase insulin secretion)
- It SQUEEZES insulin out of the pancreas
10
Q
Sulfonylureas adverse effects?
A
- Hypoglycemia
- weight gain (absorb more glucose)
- No ALCOHOL (EtOH)
11
Q
Sulfonylureas nursing considerations?
A
- medication squeezes the pancreas to secrete more insulin, therefore this may cause hypoglycemia
- Do NOT give if patient is NPO
- Generally, take with FOOD
12
Q
What is an example of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transport 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors?
A
canagliflozin
(You pee out extra glucose)
13
Q
What does Canagliflozin treat?
A
- DM2
- Heart Failure (without diabetes!)
14
Q
Canagliflozin adverse effects?
A
- increased urine output, nocturia
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Hypotension (dizziness)
- Weight loss, rare hypoglycemia
make sure to know these
15
Q
What are some GLP-1 receptor agonists?
A
- exenatide
- dulaglutide
- semaglutide
“tide”
(New TIDE of diabetes management)
