CNS Flashcards
Example of a sedative?
Benzodiazepines
Sedatives drug interactions?
Grapefruit juice
Examples of Benzodiazepines?
- midazolam (short-acting)
- temazepam (intermediate-acting)
- diazepam (long-acting)
What is Diazepam used for?
Skeletal muscle relaxation following injury or surgery
Antidote for Benzodiazepine toxicity?
flumazenil
Example of a Hypnotic?
Short-Acting Nonbenzodiazepines
Examples of Short-Acting Nonbenzodiazepines?
- ramelteon
- zolpidem
- eszopiclone
What is ramelteon used for?
- Indicated for client’s who have difficulty with sleep onset rather than sleep maintenance
What are Short-Acting Nonbenzodiazepines used for?
Sleep
What are Barbiturates used for?
- Sedation
- Anticonvulsant
- Anesthesia for surgery
Examples of short-acting and long-acting Barbiturates?
short-acting:
- pentobarbital
long-acting:
- phenobarbital
Example of herbals used for sleep?
- Kava
- Valerian
What are Anxiolytics used for?
- Anxiety
- Ethanol (alcohol) withdrawal
What are some Anxiolytics?
- Alprazolam
- Lorazepam
- Buspirone
How to treat alcohol withdrawal?
- Lorazepam
- Vitamins (hydration and electrolytes)
- Disulfiram (last resort)
What are some Antiepileptics?
- Hydantoin
- Iminostilbene
Example of a Hydantoin?
phenytoin
Phenytoin adverse effects?
gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gums)
Phenytoin IV considerations?
- Very irritating to veins
- Slow administration
- Dilute only in NS
Example of an Iminostilbene?
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine contraindication?
bone marrow depression
How to treat Status Epilepticus?
- Medical EMERGENCY
- Treatment: diazepam- Immediate onset
