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320 Pharmacology > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of drugs used to treat HTN?

A
  • Clonidines
  • α1 Blockers
  • β1-selective Blocker
  • Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker
  • ACE-I
  • ARB
  • Direct Renin Inhibitors
  • Calcium Channel Blocker
  • Selective Aldosterone Blocker
  • Vasodilators
  • Pulmonary HTN meds
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2
Q

What do clonidine treat?

A
  • mild to moderate HTN
  • not a first line treatment for HTN
  • used w/ other anti-HTN meds that failed
  • also used for management of opioid withdrawal
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3
Q

What are some clonidines?

A
  • Catapres
  • Catapres-TTS
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4
Q

What is an adverse effect of clonidine?

A

drowsiness

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5
Q

What to educate patients about clonidine?

A

do NOT abruptly stop medication (severe rebound HTN)

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6
Q

What do α1 Blockers treat?

A
  • mild to moderate HTN
  • not first-line agents for management of HTN
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7
Q

What are some a1 Blockers?

A
  • doxazosin
  • prazosin
  • terazosin

(“-azosin”)

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8
Q

What is an adverse effect of a1 Blockers?

A

first-dose orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

What is a β1-selective (cardio-selective) Blocker?

A

Nebivolol

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10
Q

What does nebivolol treat?

A
  • HTN (and HF)
  • can be used for patients with asthma
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11
Q

What is a Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker?

A

Carvedilol

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12
Q

What does carvedilol treat?

A

HTN and mild to moderate HF

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13
Q

What is an adverse effect of Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker?

A

bradycardia

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14
Q

What is the result of using Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I)?

A

systemic vasodilation

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15
Q

What are some ACE-I?

A
  • Captopril
  • Enalapril

(“-pril”)

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16
Q

What are ACE-I used for?

A
  • HTN
  • HF
  • slow progression of left ventricular hypertrophy after MI
  • renal protective effects in clients with DM
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17
Q

ACE-I contraindication?

A

Baseline potassium level of 5 mEq/L or higher

18
Q

What is an adverse effect of ACE-I?

A

angioedema, rare but fatal

19
Q

What can ACE-I lead to? (labs)

A
  • hyperkalemia (K+)
  • ↓ sodium
  • renal impairment (creatinine, BUN)
20
Q

ACE-I client education?

A
  • Caution client to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension
  • Explain that a chronic dry cough is an expected effect of this medication
  • Caution clients to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
  • Advise persons of reproductive potential to use effective contraception and notify HCP of pregnancy (planned or suspected)
21
Q

What do Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) treat?

A
  • HTN
  • Adjunctive drugs to treat HF
22
Q

What are some Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers?

A

Losartan
(“sartan”)

23
Q

How to treat Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers overdose?

A

administration of IV fluids

24
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) client education?

A
  • Caution client to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension
  • Caution clients to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
25
Q

ACE-Is vs ARBs

A
  • equally effective for treating HTN
  • both well tolerated
  • ARBs do not cause cough
26
Q

What do Direct Renin Inhibitors treat?

A

HTN

27
Q

What is an example of a Direct Renin Inhibitor?

A

Aliskiren

28
Q

What is an example of a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)?

A

Amlodipine

29
Q

What are some adverse effects of Amlodipine?

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • peripheral edema
30
Q

What drug is first in line for HTN?

A

diuretics

31
Q

What are thiazide diuretics?

A

most commonly used diuretics for HTN

32
Q

What do Vasodilators treat?

A
  • treatment of HTN
  • IV hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside are reserved for the management of hypertensive emergencies
33
Q

What are some Vasodilators?

A
  • Hydralazine
  • Sodium Nitroprusside
34
Q

What are some adverse effects of hydralazine?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • tachycardia
35
Q

IV Hydralazine nursing considerations?

A

May need to be placed on cardiac monitoring

36
Q

What are some adverse effects of sodium nitroprusside?

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
37
Q

What does Selective Aldosterone Blocker treat?

A
  • HTN
  • post-MI HF
38
Q

What is an example of a Selective Aldosterone Blocker?

A

Eplerenone

39
Q

What HTN drugs can be used during pregnancy?

A
  • Labetalol
  • Nifedipine (ER only)
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • IV Hydralazine (emergency)
40
Q

What does Treprostinil treat?

A

pulmonary artery hypertension

41
Q

What do Sildenafil & Tadalafil treat?

A
  • erectile dysfunction
  • pulmonary hypertension
42
Q

What drugs are used to treat Pulmonary HTN?

A
  • treprostinil
  • sildenafil
  • tadalafil

320 Pharmacology (36 decks)

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