Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards
What are the classes of drugs used to treat HTN?
- Clonidines
- α1 Blockers
- β1-selective Blocker
- Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker
- ACE-I
- ARB
- Direct Renin Inhibitors
- Calcium Channel Blocker
- Selective Aldosterone Blocker
- Vasodilators
- Pulmonary HTN meds
What do clonidine treat?
- mild to moderate HTN
- not a first line treatment for HTN
- used w/ other anti-HTN meds that failed
- also used for management of opioid withdrawal
What are some clonidines?
- Catapres
- Catapres-TTS
What is an adverse effect of clonidine?
drowsiness
What to educate patients about clonidine?
do NOT abruptly stop medication (severe rebound HTN)
What do α1 Blockers treat?
- mild to moderate HTN
- not first-line agents for management of HTN
What are some a1 Blockers?
- doxazosin
- prazosin
- terazosin
(“-azosin”)
What is an adverse effect of a1 Blockers?
first-dose orthostatic hypotension
What is a β1-selective (cardio-selective) Blocker?
Nebivolol
What does nebivolol treat?
- HTN (and HF)
- can be used for patients with asthma
What is a Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker?
Carvedilol
What does carvedilol treat?
HTN and mild to moderate HF
What is an adverse effect of Dual-action Alpha1 and Beta Blocker?
bradycardia
What is the result of using Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I)?
systemic vasodilation
What are some ACE-I?
- Captopril
- Enalapril
(“-pril”)
What are ACE-I used for?
- HTN
- HF
- slow progression of left ventricular hypertrophy after MI
- renal protective effects in clients with DM
ACE-I contraindication?
Baseline potassium level of 5 mEq/L or higher
What is an adverse effect of ACE-I?
angioedema, rare but fatal
What can ACE-I lead to? (labs)
- hyperkalemia (K+)
- ↓ sodium
- renal impairment (creatinine, BUN)
ACE-I client education?
- Caution client to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension
- Explain that a chronic dry cough is an expected effect of this medication
- Caution clients to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
- Advise persons of reproductive potential to use effective contraception and notify HCP of pregnancy (planned or suspected)
What do Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) treat?
- HTN
- Adjunctive drugs to treat HF
What are some Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers?
Losartan
(“sartan”)
How to treat Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers overdose?
administration of IV fluids
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) client education?
- Caution client to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension
- Caution clients to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
ACE-Is vs ARBs
- equally effective for treating HTN
- both well tolerated
- ARBs do not cause cough
What do Direct Renin Inhibitors treat?
HTN
What is an example of a Direct Renin Inhibitor?
Aliskiren
What is an example of a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)?
Amlodipine
What are some adverse effects of Amlodipine?
- hypotension
- bradycardia
- peripheral edema
What drug is first in line for HTN?
diuretics
What are thiazide diuretics?
most commonly used diuretics for HTN
What do Vasodilators treat?
- treatment of HTN
- IV hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside are reserved for the management of hypertensive emergencies
What are some Vasodilators?
- Hydralazine
- Sodium Nitroprusside
What are some adverse effects of hydralazine?
- orthostatic hypotension
- tachycardia
IV Hydralazine nursing considerations?
May need to be placed on cardiac monitoring
What are some adverse effects of sodium nitroprusside?
- hypotension
- bradycardia
What does Selective Aldosterone Blocker treat?
- HTN
- post-MI HF
What is an example of a Selective Aldosterone Blocker?
Eplerenone
What HTN drugs can be used during pregnancy?
- Labetalol
- Nifedipine (ER only)
- Thiazide diuretics
- IV Hydralazine (emergency)
What does Treprostinil treat?
pulmonary artery hypertension
What do Sildenafil & Tadalafil treat?
- erectile dysfunction
- pulmonary hypertension
What drugs are used to treat Pulmonary HTN?
- treprostinil
- sildenafil
- tadalafil
