Endocrine Basics Flashcards
Understand the different hormones and what they do.
The endocrine system consists of ____ that secrete ______. Where are these secreted?
- Glands
- Hormones
- DIRECTLY INTO BLOOD
The function of the endocrine system is control, communication, and integration via______ to maintain____.
- Neuroendocrine system
* MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
How does the endocrine system maintain control?
*Stimulation or inhibition of hormones
____ is a specific chemical messenger that acts on specific targeted receptors, aka ______.
- Hormone
* Target Glands
have a stimulating effect on other endocrine glands?
*Tropic Hormones
Describe the negative feedback loop? What does this depend on? What is this trying to achieve? (Think about thermostat analogy)
- Depends on concentration of a circulating hormone*
- If endocrine gland senses too much of a hormone, initiates changes to decrease. Too Little of a hormone and initiates changes to increase
- Tries to achieve and maintain homeostasis
What is another name for the pituitary gland and where is it located/attached to?
- Hypophysis
- In Sella Turcica of Skull
- Attached to hypothalamus by stalk
What is another name for the Anterior Pituitary Gland? Posterior?
- Adenohypophysis-Anterior
* Neurohypophysis - Posterior
Acronym for Anterior Pituitary Glands? What does each letter stand for?
- FLAT Poor Mans Gin*
- F- FSH
- L- LH
- A- ACTH
- T- TSH
P- PRL
M- MSH
G - GH
What hormone is PRL, Location? what does it do?
- PROLACTIN*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Breasts - Pregnancy breast development and initiates post delivery milk secretion
(Memory trick - LACTate- milk from breasts)
What hormone is MSH, Location? what does it do?
- MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Skin melanocytes - increases pigmentation
What hormone is GH (another name for this), Location? what does it do?
- GROWTH HORMONE* (Somatotropin)
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Cellular growth, muscle, bone (some metabolic processes)
What hormone is FSH, Location? what does it do?
- FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Ovaries- Graafian(ovary)-follicle,estrogen/Testes-Spermatogenesis
What hormone is LH? location? what does it do?
- LUTENIZING HORMONE*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Ovaries - ovulation, corpus luteum, progesterone/estrogen)/Testes-Intersticial-cell stimulating hormone -> testosterone
What hormone is ACTH? location? what does it do?
- ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- stimulates Adrenal glands/cortisol
What hormone is TSH? location? what does it do?
- THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE*
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Stimulates Thyroid Gland
What are the four Tropic Hormones?
*FSH-LH-ACTH-TH
What are the posterior(neurohypophysis) pituitary glands? Where are they made?
*Posterior
*Oxytocin
*Adh
(Memory Trick - Piece Of Ass)
*synthesized in hypothalamus - stored/released from posterior pituitary gland
What hormone is ADH? Location? What does it do/act upon?
- ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE*
- Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Acts on - Kidneys - intestines - bloodvessels
- Responsible for H2O reabsorption
What happens if there is an excess of ADH? What is the major electrolyte impacted by this and how/why?
- SIADH occurs - More fluid is reabsorbed by kidneys and urine output decreases
- Body is retaining too much fluid, causes decrease in serum sodium. (Hyponatremia)
What happens if there is a deficit of ADH? What is the major electrolyte impacted by this and how/why?
- DI occurs - Less fluid is reabsorbed by kidneys and urine output decreases
- Body develops fluid deficit, causing increase in serum sodium (Hypernatremia)
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
- Anterior
* Posterior
Name the 8 major Endocrine glands
- pituitary
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- adrenal
- pancreas
- thymus
- pineal
- gonads
What regulates the release of anterior pituitary hormones?
*hypothalamus
What hormones are produced & released by the thyroid?
- T3
- T4
- Thyrocalcitonin
What is the purpose of T3 and T4?
*regulate metabolism
What role does the pituitary gland play in metabolism?
*production & release of TSH when stimulated by the hypothalamus
What does thyrocalcitonin do?
*lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption
What does the parathyroid do?
*produces PTH which raises blood calcium levels
Where are the adrenal glands located?
*on top of the kidneys
What are the two endocrine tissues within the adrenal gland?
- adrenal medulla
* adrenal cortex
What are the two major hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their functions?
*epinephrine - prepares the body for flight or fight response by converting glycogen to glucose & increasing HR
*norepinephrine - produces extensive vaso constriction
(Note:These are known as catecholamines)
What stimulates the adrenal cortex?
*ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland
What does ACTH stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce?
*corticosteroids
What are 3 types of corticosteroids and their names?
- mineralcorticoides - aldosterone
- glucocorticoids - cortisol
- adrenal sex hormones - androgen & estrogen
What are 3 things cortisol does?
- increases glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis
- decreases inflammatory response
- decreases immune response
What are the three types of cells in the pancreas? Where are they located?
- alpha
- beta
- delta
*Islets of Langerhans
What do the pancreatic cells secrete and what do they do?
- Alpha - glucagon: increases glucose via gluconeogenesis
- Beta - insulin: regulate protein, fat & carbohydrates
- Delta - somatostatin: inhibitory hormone
What is the main function of the thyroid?
metabolism
