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Nursing 232- Exam 2 > Endocrine Basics > Flashcards

Endocrine Basics Flashcards

Understand the different hormones and what they do.

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1
Q

The endocrine system consists of ____ that secrete ______. Where are these secreted?

A
  • Glands
  • Hormones
  • DIRECTLY INTO BLOOD
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2
Q

The function of the endocrine system is control, communication, and integration via______ to maintain____.

A
  • Neuroendocrine system

* MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS

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3
Q

How does the endocrine system maintain control?

A

*Stimulation or inhibition of hormones

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4
Q

____ is a specific chemical messenger that acts on specific targeted receptors, aka ______.

A
  • Hormone

* Target Glands

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5
Q

have a stimulating effect on other endocrine glands?

A

*Tropic Hormones

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6
Q

Describe the negative feedback loop? What does this depend on? What is this trying to achieve? (Think about thermostat analogy)

A
  • Depends on concentration of a circulating hormone*
  • If endocrine gland senses too much of a hormone, initiates changes to decrease. Too Little of a hormone and initiates changes to increase
  • Tries to achieve and maintain homeostasis
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7
Q

What is another name for the pituitary gland and where is it located/attached to?

A
  • Hypophysis
  • In Sella Turcica of Skull
  • Attached to hypothalamus by stalk
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8
Q

What is another name for the Anterior Pituitary Gland? Posterior?

A
  • Adenohypophysis-Anterior

* Neurohypophysis - Posterior

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9
Q

Acronym for Anterior Pituitary Glands? What does each letter stand for?

A
  • FLAT Poor Mans Gin*
  • F- FSH
  • L- LH
  • A- ACTH
  • T- TSH

P- PRL
M- MSH
G - GH

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10
Q

What hormone is PRL, Location? what does it do?

A
  • PROLACTIN*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Breasts - Pregnancy breast development and initiates post delivery milk secretion

(Memory trick - LACTate- milk from breasts)

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11
Q

What hormone is MSH, Location? what does it do?

A
  • MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Skin melanocytes - increases pigmentation
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12
Q

What hormone is GH (another name for this), Location? what does it do?

A
  • GROWTH HORMONE* (Somatotropin)
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Cellular growth, muscle, bone (some metabolic processes)
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13
Q

What hormone is FSH, Location? what does it do?

A
  • FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Ovaries- Graafian(ovary)-follicle,estrogen/Testes-Spermatogenesis
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14
Q

What hormone is LH? location? what does it do?

A
  • LUTENIZING HORMONE*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Ovaries - ovulation, corpus luteum, progesterone/estrogen)/Testes-Intersticial-cell stimulating hormone -> testosterone
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15
Q

What hormone is ACTH? location? what does it do?

A
  • ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • stimulates Adrenal glands/cortisol
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16
Q

What hormone is TSH? location? what does it do?

A
  • THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE*
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Stimulates Thyroid Gland
17
Q

What are the four Tropic Hormones?

A

*FSH-LH-ACTH-TH

18
Q

What are the posterior(neurohypophysis) pituitary glands? Where are they made?

A

*Posterior
*Oxytocin
*Adh
(Memory Trick - Piece Of Ass)
*synthesized in hypothalamus - stored/released from posterior pituitary gland

19
Q

What hormone is ADH? Location? What does it do/act upon?

A
  • ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE*
  • Posterior Pituitary Gland
  • Acts on - Kidneys - intestines - bloodvessels
  • Responsible for H2O reabsorption
20
Q

What happens if there is an excess of ADH? What is the major electrolyte impacted by this and how/why?

A
  • SIADH occurs - More fluid is reabsorbed by kidneys and urine output decreases
  • Body is retaining too much fluid, causes decrease in serum sodium. (Hyponatremia)
21
Q

What happens if there is a deficit of ADH? What is the major electrolyte impacted by this and how/why?

A
  • DI occurs - Less fluid is reabsorbed by kidneys and urine output decreases
  • Body develops fluid deficit, causing increase in serum sodium (Hypernatremia)
22
Q

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

A
  • Anterior

* Posterior

23
Q

Name the 8 major Endocrine glands

A
  • pituitary
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid
  • adrenal
  • pancreas
  • thymus
  • pineal
  • gonads
24
Q

What regulates the release of anterior pituitary hormones?

A

*hypothalamus

25
Q

What hormones are produced & released by the thyroid?

A
  • T3
  • T4
  • Thyrocalcitonin
26
Q

What is the purpose of T3 and T4?

A

*regulate metabolism

27
Q

What role does the pituitary gland play in metabolism?

A

*production & release of TSH when stimulated by the hypothalamus

28
Q

What does thyrocalcitonin do?

A

*lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption

29
Q

What does the parathyroid do?

A

*produces PTH which raises blood calcium levels

30
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

*on top of the kidneys

31
Q

What are the two endocrine tissues within the adrenal gland?

A
  • adrenal medulla

* adrenal cortex

32
Q

What are the two major hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their functions?

A

*epinephrine - prepares the body for flight or fight response by converting glycogen to glucose & increasing HR
*norepinephrine - produces extensive vaso constriction
(Note:These are known as catecholamines)

33
Q

What stimulates the adrenal cortex?

A

*ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland

34
Q

What does ACTH stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce?

A

*corticosteroids

35
Q

What are 3 types of corticosteroids and their names?

A
  • mineralcorticoides - aldosterone
  • glucocorticoids - cortisol
  • adrenal sex hormones - androgen & estrogen
36
Q

What are 3 things cortisol does?

A
  • increases glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis
  • decreases inflammatory response
  • decreases immune response
37
Q

What are the three types of cells in the pancreas? Where are they located?

A
  • alpha
  • beta
  • delta

*Islets of Langerhans

38
Q

What do the pancreatic cells secrete and what do they do?

A
  • Alpha - glucagon: increases glucose via gluconeogenesis
  • Beta - insulin: regulate protein, fat & carbohydrates
  • Delta - somatostatin: inhibitory hormone
39
Q

What is the main function of the thyroid?

A

metabolism

Nursing 232- Exam 2 (11 decks)

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