Burns - Updated Version

Question 1

In the Emergent or ____ phase:

• Rapid _____
• Increased ______ permeability
• Rapid _____ formation
• ______ Shock
• How does this phase end and how long?

Answer 1

• Shock phase
• Rapid inflammation
• Increased capillary permeability (leaky)
• Rapid Edema
• HYPOVOLEMIC shock
• Ends with fluid reabsorption - 4 hours to 4 days later

Question 2

What vital signs increase and what vital signs decrease in the emergent phase?

Answer 2

• Heart rate increases (compensation for fluid loss)

* Blood pressure/cardiac ouput decrease (Not enough fluid)

Question 3

In the emergent phase, what two labs will show fluid loss?

Answer 3

• Increase hematocrit (between 35 and 50 is normal)

* Increased BUN/Creat (Bun less than 20 ) (Creat - (0.7-1.2)

Question 4

In the emergent phase what happens to the Urine output and why?

Answer 4

• Decreases

* Decreased perfusion to the kidneys from fluid loss

Question 5

What are the two main electrolyte shifts that occur in the emergent phase of a burn and why?

Answer 5

• Hyperkalemia - leaks outside of damaged cell

* Hyponatremia - Leaks out of vessels with fluid

Question 6

Formula Used to calculate the total volume of fluids (mL) that a patient needs 24 hours
after experiencing a burn? What types of burns does this apply to?

Answer 6

• Parkland formula

* 2nd and 3rd degree burns

Question 7

What is the parkland formula?

Answer 7

4ml x TBSA (total body surface area %)x weight in kg = total volume of fluid to be given

Question 8

How much of the fluid needs to be given in the first ____ hours? How much fluid needs to be given in the next ____ hours?

Answer 8

• Half of the total fluid needs to be given in first 8 hours. (Divide total by 2)
• Half of the fluid needs to be given in the next 16 hours. (Divide total by 2)

Question 9

A burn that effects only the top layer of skin or the _____. It will be Very ___ or ___ in color, and feel ____ and ____ to touch. No ____ or ____ left behind. This is known as what kind of burn?

Answer 9

• Epidermis
• Pink or Red in color
• Painful and Warm to touch
• No blisters or scars
• 1st degree SUPERFICIAL BURN

Question 10

A burn that effects the epidermis and ____, which can vary in _____. Will feel _____. It will appear ____/____ in color and look ____/_____. ____ and ____ will be left behind. This is known as what kind of burn?

Answer 10

• Dermis and Epidermis
• Varies in severity
• Very painful
• Pink/Red
• Shiny/Moist
• Blisters and Scarring present
• 2nd Degree PARTIAL THICKNESS BURN

Question 11

A burn that destroys ____ and ____ along with what 3 things? This extends into the ____ (sub q tissues). Little to no _____ due to ____ being destroyed. What will be needed because skin cant heal? This is known as what kind of burn?

Answer 11

• Destroys Dermis and Epidermis
• Destroys hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves
• Extends into hypodermis
• Little to no pain felt due to nerves being destroyed
• Skin graft needed
• 3rd Degree - Full-Thickness burn