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BIO 222 > Endocine System > Flashcards

Endocine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

signaling molecules move between adjacent cells via membrane pores.

A

direct cell-to-cell communication

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2
Q

nervous system, very localized, quick, short term

A

synaptic cell-to-cell communication

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3
Q

cell communicates wit itself

e.g. cancer

A

autocrine cell-to-cell communication

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4
Q

cell communicates with neighboring cells through ISF

A

paracrine cell-to-cell communication

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5
Q

autocrine signal travels through?

A

interstitial fluid (ISF)

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6
Q

paracrine signal travels through?

A

interstitial fluid (ISF)

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7
Q

endocrine signal travels through?

A

blood

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8
Q

autocrine target?

A

same cell

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9
Q

paracrine target?

A

neighboring cell

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10
Q

endocrine target?

A

cells w/ receptors for that hormone anywhere in body

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11
Q

autocrine range of action?

A

local

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12
Q

paracrine range of action?

A

local

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13
Q

endocrine range of action?

A

systemic

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14
Q

releases hormones into blood

A

secreting cells

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15
Q

binds to receptor on target cell

A

hormone

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16
Q

neuron&raquo_space;> axon&raquo_space;> target cell

A

neural communication

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17
Q

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> blood&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> target cell

A

endocrine communication

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18
Q

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> ISF&raquo_space;> cell

A

autocrine communication

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19
Q

cell&raquo_space;> hormone&raquo_space;> ISF&raquo_space;> target cell

A

paracrine communication

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20
Q

external secretions, extracellular effects, secretions via ducts

A

exocrine glands

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21
Q

no ducts, capillaries for uptake of hormones into bloodstream, intracellular effects

A

endocrine glands

22
Q

nervous system form of communication?

A

electrical AND chemical

23
Q

nervous system response speed?

A

quick

24
Q

nervous system adaption rate?

A

quick

25
Q

nervous system effects?

A

specific, 1 organ

26
Q

endocrine system type of communication?

A

chemical only

27
Q

endocrine system response speed?

A

slow

28
Q

endocrine system adaption rate?

A

slow

29
Q

endocrine system effects?

A

widespread, many organs

30
Q
  • too little hormone secretion
  • too much hormone secretion
  • unresponsive target
  • reaction to environmental hormone mimic
A

4 causes of endocrine disorders

31
Q
  • hypo secretion
  • hyper secretion
  • abnormal tissue response
A

causes of endocrine diseases

32
Q

response of both hormones together= sum of their individual responses (1+1=2)

A

additive effect

33
Q

hormones work together on target cell to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
(1+1=3)
e.g. FSH+testosetrone= increased sperm production

A

synergistic effects

34
Q

1 hormone required for 2nd hormone to exert its full effect, target cell is primed by 1st hormone

A

permissive effects

35
Q

1 hormone opposes action of other

A

antagonistic effect

36
Q

insulin lowers blood glucose levels. insulin’s antagonist, glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
this is an example of what hormone interaction?

A

antagonistic effect

37
Q

point-to-point messaging through nerves

A

nervous system

38
Q

broadcasts its hormone messages to essentially all cells

A

endocrine system

39
Q

Why don’t all ALL cells in body respond to every hormone in the bloodstream?

A

only target cells have receptors

40
Q
  • unbound in blood
  • can’t penetrate target cell
  • acts indirectly (via 2nd messenger)
  • faster amplification
  • lipid soluble
A

Hydrophilic hormones

41
Q
  • binds to transport protein in blood
  • penetrate plasma membrane, nuclear membrane
  • acts directly on genes of target cel
  • takes hrs/days to show effect
  • cant cross plasma membrane
A

Hydrophobic hormones

42
Q

peptide/protein is hydro___?

A

hydrophillic

43
Q

lipid derivatives are hydro___?

A

hydrophobic

44
Q

estrogen, androgens, progestin

A

steroids from glands

45
Q

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

A

steroids from adrenal cortex

46
Q

calcitriol

A

steroid from kidney

47
Q
  • released by endocrine cells near capillaries

- enters capillaries to travel to target organs

A

hormone release

48
Q

lowers blood glucose levels

A

insulin

49
Q

insulin’s antagonist, raises glucose levels

A

glucagon

50
Q

physiological stages in response to stress

A

general adaption syndrome

51
Q

stage 1 in response to stress

A

-alarm - epinephrine is released
-stored glycogen is consumed
-

BIO 222 (9 decks)

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