Endocine System Flashcards
signaling molecules move between adjacent cells via membrane pores.
direct cell-to-cell communication
nervous system, very localized, quick, short term
synaptic cell-to-cell communication
cell communicates wit itself
e.g. cancer
autocrine cell-to-cell communication
cell communicates with neighboring cells through ISF
paracrine cell-to-cell communication
autocrine signal travels through?
interstitial fluid (ISF)
paracrine signal travels through?
interstitial fluid (ISF)
endocrine signal travels through?
blood
autocrine target?
same cell
paracrine target?
neighboring cell
endocrine target?
cells w/ receptors for that hormone anywhere in body
autocrine range of action?
local
paracrine range of action?
local
endocrine range of action?
systemic
releases hormones into blood
secreting cells
binds to receptor on target cell
hormone
neuron»_space;> axon»_space;> target cell
neural communication
cell»_space;> hormone»_space;> blood»_space;> hormone»_space;> target cell
endocrine communication
cell»_space;> hormone»_space;> ISF»_space;> cell
autocrine communication
cell»_space;> hormone»_space;> ISF»_space;> target cell
paracrine communication
external secretions, extracellular effects, secretions via ducts
exocrine glands
no ducts, capillaries for uptake of hormones into bloodstream, intracellular effects
endocrine glands
nervous system form of communication?
electrical AND chemical
nervous system response speed?
quick
nervous system adaption rate?
quick
nervous system effects?
specific, 1 organ
endocrine system type of communication?
chemical only
endocrine system response speed?
slow
endocrine system adaption rate?
slow
endocrine system effects?
widespread, many organs
- too little hormone secretion
- too much hormone secretion
- unresponsive target
- reaction to environmental hormone mimic
4 causes of endocrine disorders
- hypo secretion
- hyper secretion
- abnormal tissue response
causes of endocrine diseases
response of both hormones together= sum of their individual responses (1+1=2)
additive effect
hormones work together on target cell to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
(1+1=3)
e.g. FSH+testosetrone= increased sperm production
synergistic effects
1 hormone required for 2nd hormone to exert its full effect, target cell is primed by 1st hormone
permissive effects
1 hormone opposes action of other
antagonistic effect
insulin lowers blood glucose levels. insulin’s antagonist, glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
this is an example of what hormone interaction?
antagonistic effect
point-to-point messaging through nerves
nervous system
broadcasts its hormone messages to essentially all cells
endocrine system
Why don’t all ALL cells in body respond to every hormone in the bloodstream?
only target cells have receptors
- unbound in blood
- can’t penetrate target cell
- acts indirectly (via 2nd messenger)
- faster amplification
- lipid soluble
Hydrophilic hormones
- binds to transport protein in blood
- penetrate plasma membrane, nuclear membrane
- acts directly on genes of target cel
- takes hrs/days to show effect
- cant cross plasma membrane
Hydrophobic hormones
peptide/protein is hydro___?
hydrophillic
lipid derivatives are hydro___?
hydrophobic
estrogen, androgens, progestin
steroids from glands
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens
steroids from adrenal cortex
calcitriol
steroid from kidney
- released by endocrine cells near capillaries
- enters capillaries to travel to target organs
hormone release
lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
insulin’s antagonist, raises glucose levels
glucagon
physiological stages in response to stress
general adaption syndrome
stage 1 in response to stress
-alarm - epinephrine is released
-stored glycogen is consumed
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