Cardiovascular regulation

Question 1

What is the goal of cardiovascular regulation?

Answer 1

to get blood to tissues that need it

Question 2

homeostatic mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular activity to ensure that blood flows through tissues

Answer 2

perfusion

Question 3

causes immediate, localized homeostatic adjustments

Answer 3

autoregulation

Question 4

Three factors that affect tissue perfusion

Answer 4

cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood pressure

Question 5

why does blood need to be redistributed?

Answer 5

so more flow to organs that need it most receive it at the expense of other organs

Question 6

Vasoconstriction

Answer 6

decreases perfusion

Question 7

Vasodilation

Answer 7

increases perfusion

Question 8

integration center for baroreceptors

Answer 8

vasomotor center

Question 9

decreases heart rate

Answer 9

vagus nerve

Question 10

increases heart rate and force of contraction

Answer 10

sympathetic cardiac nerves

Question 11

modified nerve endings that monitor the degree of stretch in the walls of expandable organs

Answer 11

baroreceptor

Question 12

what 2 sinuses are apart of the baroreceptor reflex?

Answer 12

carotid and aortic sinuses

Question 13

When blood pressure rises, the increased output from the baroreceptors causes?

Answer 13

a decrease in cardiac output

peripheral vasodilation

Question 14

monitor blood pressure at the end of the systemic circuit at the venae cavae and the right atrium

Answer 14

atrial (bainbridge) reflex

Question 15

respond to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, or pH levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 15

chemoreceptor reflexes

Question 16

appears in the blood when specialized kidney cells called juxtaglomerular cells, release the enzyme renin in response to fall in renal blood pressure

Answer 16

angiotensin 2

Question 17

a plasma protein produced by the liver

Answer 17

angiotensinogen

Question 18

cardiac muscle cells in the wall of the right atrium of the heart produce, in response to excessive stretching during diastole

Answer 18

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 19

made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Answer 19

ADH

Question 20

produced by the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

what are ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes used for?

Answer 21

to treat hypertension