Endocarditis Flashcards
Small, STERILE lesions that develop on the damaged cardiac endothelium arranged along the line of closure of the cardiac valve leaflets
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (developmental)
Previous term for nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
marantic endocarditis (relating to malnutrition)
4 cases/ conditions you can see nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis develop
Rheumatic heart disease
Structural heart disease characterized by increased turbulence of blood flow in the heart resulting in endothelial damage
cardiac valvular dysfunction
congenital heart disease
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis lesions in systemic lupus are called
libman-sacks lesions
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis lesions can detach and result in __, but what makes these different
peripheral embolization
emboli are sterile
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis increases the risk for the development of
infective endocarditis
Microbial infection of the endocardial surfaces of the heart, usually affecting of one or more cardiac valves and to a lesser degree the mural endocardium
infective endocarditis (IE)
(Infectious)
CAUSED by BACTERIA
The causative microorganisms in infective endocarditis are __ leading to __ the most common, or __ or __
bacteria
bacterial endocarditis
viral
fungi
What are the 2 common bacteria in bacterial endocarditis and which is more common among cases
Staphylococcus aureus (50% of cases)
viridans group streptococci (25% of cases)
Usually caused by staphylococcus aureus. Occurs on skin
Acute (bacterial) endocarditis
Usually caused by viridans group streptococci in the presence of cardiac valvular pathology. Found orally
subacute (bacterial) endocarditis
These are 2 other classifications of endocarditis
Endocarditis in injection drug users
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
although bacterial endocarditis can occur on normal cardiac endothelium, most cases occur on an __, which is most often a __
altered, injured or damaged endothelial surface
Cardiac valve leaflet
In patients without a prosthetic cardiac valve, bacterial endocarditis most frequently develops on the __
mitral valve
(aortic valve)
(both of these)
(tricuspid valve)
(pulmonic valve)
In most cases of bacterial endocarditis the common denominator for adherence and invasion is the prior formation of
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
4 other ways that bacterial endocarditis can occur
prosthetic cardiac valve
previous heart surgery with prosthetic
previous heart surgery with a residual hemodynamic defect
intravenous drug abuse
4 complications associated with bacterial endocarditis
valvular damage and insufficiency
congestive heart failure
myocardial abscess
cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac valves affected by bacterial endocarditis develop __ composed of __ which can easily detach forming __ and may travel through the bloodstream and cause tissue and organ infarctions and infections
friable vegetations
Fibrin
septic (infected) emboli
What is something that can occur from a septic emboli
Cerebral embolic infarction (stroke)
The overall mortality rate of IE approaches 40% with medical treatment, if diagnosis is unduly delayed or treatment is inadequate, IE is
fatal
Most common sign of IE
Fever
New or changing __ are found in 80-85% of patients with IE
heart murmurs
__ is typical of IE and 95% of cases are positive
sustained bacteremia
Osler nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages, roth spots are all
Peripheral manifestations of IE caused by emboli or immunologic responses
DEntal patients who have cardiovascular conditions that place them at high risk for IE require __ prior to invasive dental procedures known to cause bacteriemias
antibiotic prophylaxis
