Endocarditis

Question 1

Small, STERILE lesions that develop on the damaged cardiac endothelium arranged along the line of closure of the cardiac valve leaflets

Answer 1

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (developmental)

Question 2

Previous term for nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Answer 2

marantic endocarditis (relating to malnutrition)

Question 3

4 cases/ conditions you can see nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis develop

Answer 3

Rheumatic heart disease
Structural heart disease characterized by increased turbulence of blood flow in the heart resulting in endothelial damage
cardiac valvular dysfunction
congenital heart disease

Question 4

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis lesions in systemic lupus are called

Answer 4

libman-sacks lesions

Question 5

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis lesions can detach and result in __, but what makes these different

Answer 5

peripheral embolization
emboli are sterile

Question 6

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis increases the risk for the development of

Answer 6

infective endocarditis

Question 7

Microbial infection of the endocardial surfaces of the heart, usually affecting of one or more cardiac valves and to a lesser degree the mural endocardium

Answer 7

infective endocarditis (IE)
(Infectious)
CAUSED by BACTERIA

Question 8

The causative microorganisms in infective endocarditis are __ leading to __ the most common, or __ or __

Answer 8

bacteria
bacterial endocarditis
viral
fungi

Question 9

What are the 2 common bacteria in bacterial endocarditis and which is more common among cases

Answer 9

Staphylococcus aureus (50% of cases)
viridans group streptococci (25% of cases)

Question 10

Usually caused by staphylococcus aureus. Occurs on skin

Answer 10

Acute (bacterial) endocarditis

Question 11

Usually caused by viridans group streptococci in the presence of cardiac valvular pathology. Found orally

Answer 11

subacute (bacterial) endocarditis

Question 12

These are 2 other classifications of endocarditis

Answer 12

Endocarditis in injection drug users
Prosthetic valve endocarditis

Question 13

although bacterial endocarditis can occur on normal cardiac endothelium, most cases occur on an __, which is most often a __

Answer 13

altered, injured or damaged endothelial surface
Cardiac valve leaflet

Question 14

In patients without a prosthetic cardiac valve, bacterial endocarditis most frequently develops on the __

Answer 14

mitral valve
(aortic valve)
(both of these)
(tricuspid valve)
(pulmonic valve)

Question 15

In most cases of bacterial endocarditis the common denominator for adherence and invasion is the prior formation of

Answer 15

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Question 16

4 other ways that bacterial endocarditis can occur

Answer 16

prosthetic cardiac valve
previous heart surgery with prosthetic
previous heart surgery with a residual hemodynamic defect
intravenous drug abuse

Question 17

4 complications associated with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 17

valvular damage and insufficiency
congestive heart failure
myocardial abscess
cardiac arrhythmias

Question 18

Cardiac valves affected by bacterial endocarditis develop __ composed of __ which can easily detach forming __ and may travel through the bloodstream and cause tissue and organ infarctions and infections

Answer 18

friable vegetations
Fibrin
septic (infected) emboli

Question 19

What is something that can occur from a septic emboli

Answer 19

Cerebral embolic infarction (stroke)

Question 20

The overall mortality rate of IE approaches 40% with medical treatment, if diagnosis is unduly delayed or treatment is inadequate, IE is

Answer 20

fatal

Question 21

Most common sign of IE

Answer 21

Fever

Question 22

New or changing __ are found in 80-85% of patients with IE

Answer 22

heart murmurs

Question 23

__ is typical of IE and 95% of cases are positive

Answer 23

sustained bacteremia

Question 24

Osler nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages, roth spots are all

Answer 24

Peripheral manifestations of IE caused by emboli or immunologic responses

Question 25

DEntal patients who have cardiovascular conditions that place them at high risk for IE require __ prior to invasive dental procedures known to cause bacteriemias

Answer 25

antibiotic prophylaxis