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Gen Path > Dermatologic Disease > Flashcards

Dermatologic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Lasts days to weeks, includes inflammation and edema, is self limited or chronic

A

Acute inflammatory Dermatoses
(Urticaria and Eczema)

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2
Q

Type I hypersensitivity rxn
allergic rxn where mast cell granulation leads to erythema and edema

A

Urticaria (Hives)

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3
Q

Dermal microvascular hyper permeability / increased vascular permeability

A

Urticaria

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4
Q

Small pruritic papules to large erythematous plaques

A

Urticaria

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5
Q

Wheals or plaques

A

Urticaria

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5
Q

Pruritic erythematous papules - possible vessicles that ooze and crust

A

Eczema

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6
Q

Turns into raised scaly plaques

A

Eczema

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7
Q

5 things Eczema can be due to

A

allergy
defect in keratinocyte barrier
drug hypersensitivity
UV light
physical/chemical irritant

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8
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis fits under this category

A

Eczema

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9
Q

Environmental agent that reacts with self-proteins creating neoantigens that sensitizes T cells . On re exposure, memory CD4+ T cells are activated and release cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells and cause epidermal damage

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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10
Q

Apparent after months/years. Skin = rough due to thick scale and shedding

A

Chronic inflammatory dermatoses
(Psoriasis)

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11
Q

Increased risk for heart attack and stroke

A

Psoriasis

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12
Q

affects arthritis patients

A

Psoriasis

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13
Q

Pink to salmon colored plaque covered by a silver scale

A

Psoriasis

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14
Q

Elbow, knees, scalp

A

Psoriasis

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15
Q

Severe complication of Psoriasis

A

Psoriatic arthritis

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16
Q

Pinpoint bleeding upon scratching scale off lesions

A

Psoriasis - Auspitz sign

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17
Q

Creating of lesions by scratching and leaving a trail

A

Psoriasis (not specific to it) - Koebnerization

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18
Q

TNF antagonist as treatment

A

Psoriasis

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19
Q

Describe the autoimmue response of Psoriasis

A

T-cell mediated inflammatory disease
T-cells release cytokines –> TNF α –> proliferation of keratinocytes –> formation of thickened plaques

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20
Q

2 infectious dermatoses
fungal -
bacterial -

A

Fungal = Superficial dermatophytes
Bacterial = Impetigo

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21
Q

Causes focal alopecia

A

Tinea capitis

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22
Q

Ringworm

A

Tinea corporis

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23
Q

Yeast that infects intertriginous zones

A

Candida

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24
Q

Things that increase risk of candida

A

Steroids
Antibiotics
Diabetes
Immunosuppression

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25
Q

What bacteria causes Impetigo

A

Strep. Pyogenes
Staph. aureus

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26
Q

Fragile vesicles to flaccid bullae

A

Impetigo

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27
Q

Children, crowding, poor hygiene, hot/humid

A

Impetigo

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28
Q

Honey colored crust

A

Impetigo

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29
Q

May resemble exfoliative cheilitis

A

Impetigo

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30
Q

May resemble recurrent herpes simplex

A

Impetigo

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31
Q

May resemble child abuse

A

Impetigo

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32
Q

Treatment = mupirocin

A

Impetigo

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33
Q

Hyperpigmented skin

A

Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)

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34
Q

Velvety skin

A

Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)

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35
Q

axilla, groin, or back of neck

A

Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)

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36
Q

Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is associated with

A

internal GI malignancy

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37
Q

benign Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is associated with

A

endocrinpathies or syndromes
Drug ingestion (insulin)

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38
Q

Oral lesion of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)

A

papillary lesion of lips and tongue
associated with internal malignancy

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39
Q

Slow growing, fluctuant/rubbery nodule filled with keratin

A

Epidermoid cyst

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40
Q

On face and neck from hair follicles

A

Epidermoid cyst

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41
Q

Yellowish to white normal skin appearance

A

Epidermoid cyst

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42
Q

Tan-brown to black

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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43
Q

well-demarcated plaques

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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44
Q

stuck on, dirty candle wax, dried mud on brick wall

A

Seborrheic keratosis

45
Q

basal cells that produce keratin

A

Seborrheic keratosis

46
Q

variant of Seborrheic keratosis, multiple small dark papules on cheek

A

Dermatosis papulosa Nigra

47
Q

With Seborrheic keratosis, if hundred appear suddenly

A

Leser-Trelat (sign of internal malignancy)

48
Q

Premalignant Chronic sun (UV light)

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

49
Q

On vermillion zone

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

50
Q

Usually 6-8 lesions

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

51
Q

Scaly plaque - sandpaper texture

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

52
Q

Hyperkeratosis histologically

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

53
Q

Epithelial dysplasia histologically

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

54
Q

solar elastosis histologically

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

55
Q

Sun-induced cancer from existing Actinic Keratosis

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

56
Q

Fleshy, firm nodule, keratinized, crusty or ulcerated surface

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

57
Q

Rare to metastasize

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

58
Q

From basal cells of epidermis or germ cells in hair follicles

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

59
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

60
Q

History of chronic skin exposure

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

61
Q

Middle 1/3 of face

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

62
Q

2 main subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Noduloulcerative (most common)
Sclerosing

63
Q

Papule with central ulceration and rolled pearly white border

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative

64
Q

Lack of skin structure (hair)

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative

65
Q

Rodent ulcer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma - Noduloulcerative

66
Q

mimics scar tissue although patient never had an injury

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma - sclerosing

67
Q

Histologically, basaloid cells “drop off” the basal cell layer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

68
Q

Histologically can be similar to ameloblastoma

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

69
Q

First option treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Mohs Surgery

70
Q

Least common of the 3 skin cancers

A

Melanoma

71
Q

75% of deaths due to skin cancer

A

Melanoma

72
Q

Can be UV induced and non UV induced

A

Melanoma

73
Q

Non UV melanomas have __ mutations

A

KIT

74
Q

Can have a hereditary predisposition

A

Melanoma

75
Q

Germline mutations in CDKN2A gene

A

Melanoma

76
Q

UV induced melanomas have a __ mutation

A

RAS/BRAF

77
Q

p16 inactivation leads to

A

vertical growth of Melanoma

78
Q

p53 mutation leads to

A

metastasis of Melanoma

79
Q

Most common type of Melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

80
Q

this type of Melanoma occurs on Back, Arms, Neck and Scalp

A

superficial spreading

81
Q

radial phase lasts months to years before vertical phase

A

superficial spreading

82
Q

This type of melanoma occurs in malar skin or elderly

A

Lentigo Maligna

83
Q

Expands rapidly over 10-15 years before vertical growth

A

Lentigo Maligna

84
Q

Type of melanoma unrelated to skin cancer common in black and asians

A

Acral Lentiginous

85
Q

Short radial growth before invading

A

Acral Lentiginous

86
Q

On fingers and toes

A

Acral Lentiginous

87
Q

Most mucosal melanomas are this type

A

Acral Lentiginous

88
Q

Elevated and fast growing melanoma that is unrelated to sun exposure

A

Nodular

89
Q

No radical growth, starts as vertical growth

A

Nodular

90
Q

worst melanoma prognosis

A

Nodular

91
Q

ABCDE’s tell you if its

A

Melanoma
(Asymmetry, borders, color, diamter >6mm, evolution)

92
Q

Best form of prognostic indicator for melanoma

A

Brewslow tumor thickness

93
Q

Any benign congenital or acquired neoplasm of melanocytes

A

Melanocytic Nevi (common moles)

94
Q

Mutation in BRAF or RAS

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi

95
Q

<6 mm

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi

96
Q

flat lesion with uniform color that elevates or fades with age

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi

97
Q

malignant transformation is rare

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi

98
Q

Sporadic or familial RAS or BRAF mutation

A

Dysplastic Nevi

99
Q

Larger than aquired nevi

A

Dysplastic Nevi

100
Q

May have hundreds

A

Dysplastic Nevi

101
Q

On sun exposed and not sun exposed skin

A

Dysplastic Nevi

102
Q

when is there an increased risk for melanoma with Dysplastic Nevi

A

with there is more than 10

103
Q

macules or plaques with a pebbly surface

A

Dysplastic Nevi

104
Q

Variable pigmentation and irregular borders

A

Dysplastic Nevi

105
Q

more stable over time <6mm vs evolves / changes over time and >6mm

A

Dysplastic Nevi vs Melanoma

106
Q

2 benign melanocytic skin lesions

A

Ephelis / ephelides (freakles)
Actinic lentigo

107
Q

Brown macule, increased pigment with sun exposure

A

Ephelis / ephelides (freakles)

108
Q

Normal number of melanocytes

A

Ephelis / ephelides (freakles)

109
Q

Brown macule on dorsal of hand and face

A

Actinic lentigo

110
Q

linear increase of melanocytes in basal layer

A

Actinic lentigo

Gen Path (11 decks)

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