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Endo Week 1 > Endo Pharmacology > Flashcards

Endo Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what class of drugs for hyperprolactinemia?

A

dopamine agonists

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2
Q

name the two dopamine agonist

A

cabergoline

bromocriptine

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3
Q

name the two classes of drugs for increased GH release

A

GH receptor antagonists

somatostatin analogs

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4
Q

name the two somatostatin analogs to use in GH excess

A

octreotide

pasireotide

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5
Q

name the GH receptor antagonist to use in GH excess

A

pegvisomant

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6
Q

what drug is given in hypothyroidism from decreases pituitary TSH secretion

A

levothyroxine

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7
Q

what drug is given in hypopituitarism with low GH?

A

somatotropin

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8
Q

how do we treat adrenal deficiency?

A

with steroid and mineralocorticoid replacement

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9
Q

name the steroids we give in adrenal hypocortisolism

A

hydrocortisone and prednisone

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10
Q

name the mineralocorticoid we give in adrenal hypoaldosteronism

A

fludrocortisone

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11
Q

if you have secondary hypercortisolism from overactive pituitary (ACTH) what drugs can you give?

A

pasireotide

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12
Q

what does pasireotide do to prevent further secondary hypercortisolism?

A

prevents release of ACTH and GH

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13
Q

if you have primary hypercortisolism from adrenal overactivity, what two drug classes can you give?

A

glucocorticoid antagonist and synthesis inhibitors

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14
Q

name the two glucocorticoid antagonists to give with primary hypercortisolism

A

spiranolactone and mifepristone

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15
Q

name the two glucocrticoid synthesis inhibitors to give for primary hypercortisolism

A

ketoconazole and aminoglutethimide

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16
Q

what is SE of ketoconazole in men?

A

ant androgenic…decreased sex characteristics…gynecomastia

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17
Q

what drug for primary hypercortisolism is a CYP induced? what CYP?

A

ketoconazole…CYP 3A4

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18
Q

aside from cortisol, what other thing does mifepristone inhibit? what can this lead to?

A

progesterone, abortion so pregnancy class X

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19
Q

for primary hyperaldo what do you give?

A

spiranolactone or epleronone

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20
Q

for secondary or renovascular cause of hyperaldo what do you give?

A

ACE or ARB

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21
Q

what is the main class of osteoporosis drugs?

A

bisphosphonates

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22
Q

what is the MoA of bisphosphonates in osteoporosiS?

A

bind to bone and cause osteoclast death

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23
Q

name the bisphosphonate drugs for osteoporosis?

A

Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronate

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24
Q

what is major SE of bisphosphonates? what must you do to take them?

A

esophagitis…take with empty stomach and with tons of water

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25
Q

what is an oral SE of bisphosphonates?

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

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26
Q

what does SERM stand for?

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator

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27
Q

what are SERMs used in treatment for?

A

osteoporosis

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28
Q

what is the SERM to know?

A

Raloxifene

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29
Q

how does raloxifene work?

A

is pro estrogenic in bone so reverses osteoporosis effects

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30
Q

what does estrogen do in bone?

A

activate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts

31
Q

what is major SE with raloxifene?

A

VTE stroke/death

32
Q

what is RANKL in osteoporosis?

A

molecule that blasts use to activate clasts in bone breakdown

33
Q

what is drug that inhibits RANKL in osteoporosis?

A

Denosumab

34
Q

what is SE of denosumab?

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

35
Q

what is normal role of PTH

A

increase calcium release from bone

36
Q

what is teriparatide and abaloparatide derived from?

A

PTH

37
Q

even though teriparatide and abaloparatide are derived from PTH, what do they actually do?

A

stimulate osteoblasts not clasts in bone

38
Q

what happens to T4 once it enters cells?

A

it is converted into T3

39
Q

what do you give for Rx of primary hypothyroidism?

A

levothyroxine and liothyronine

40
Q

what is levothyroxine an analog of?

A

T4

41
Q

why give T4 and not T3 in hypothyroid?

A

because the cells can still control how much they want since they switch T4 to T3, where if you gave T3 it would go to all tissues

42
Q

what is the drug that inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis?

A

potassium iodide

43
Q

when do you give potassium iodide?

A

hyperthyroidism

44
Q

what is MoA of iodine 131?

A

kills follicular cells of thyroid

45
Q

what drug kills follicular cells of thyroid in Rx of hyperthyroid?

A

iodine 131

46
Q

name the two drugs that inhibit oxidation of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis

A

propylthiouracile and methimazole

47
Q

propylthiouracile and methimazole prevent what in thyroid?

A

thyroid hormone prdxn by not allowing iodine oxidation

48
Q

when do we use propylthiouracile and methimazole ?

A

in hyperthyroidism

49
Q

which of propylthiouracile and methimazole is teratogenic?

A

methimazole

50
Q

what is major toxicity of propylthiouracile and methimazole?

A

agranulocytosis..neutropenia

51
Q

what does T3 stimulate in the heart?

A

B1 receptors

52
Q

since T3 stims B1 in heart, what can you give in hyperthyroid to help stop this?

A

B blockers…atenolol, propanolol, metoprolol

53
Q

how do you treat type 1 diabetes?

A

just give insulin

54
Q

what is issue in type 2 diabetes?

A

cells arent really responding to insulin

55
Q

explain how beta cells in pancreas monitor the serum glucose and determine when to release insulin

A

high blood glucose lead to high ATP and K+ channel closing, this causes depolarization of beta cell which then causes inward Ca2+ voltage gated channels to open and the Ca2+ initiates insulin vesicle membrane fusion for insulin release

56
Q

what three locations in body respond to insulin?

A

liver

muscle and adipose tissue

57
Q

what type of receptor is the insulin receptor

A

tyrosine kinase

58
Q

what does high glucose cause to happen in kidneys?

A

less reuptake of Na and water so increases urine volume

59
Q

what is tricky about treatment of type1 dm?

A

need to give insulin in high push prior to meals but keep basal level throughout night

60
Q

name the bolus administration type 1 DM insulins

A

aspart
glulisine
lispro
regular insulin

61
Q

name the basal administration type 1 DM insulins

A

NPH and
glargine
detimir

62
Q

what is the most commonly used drug for type II DM?

A

metformine

63
Q

what is MoA of metformin?

A

gluconeogenesis inhibitor

64
Q

what is toxicity of metformin?

A

lactic acidosis or exacerbation of existing lactic acidosis

65
Q

name three conditions that contraindicate metformin

A

renal insufficiency
liver failure and
anaerobic favoring conditions (COPD)

66
Q

what is MoA of pioglitazone

A

increases synthesis of glucose transporters

67
Q

what is drug that increases glucose transporters into liver muscle and adipose tissue?

A

pioglitazone

68
Q

what can you do in GI tract to lower glucose levels?

A

inhibit breakdown of sacccharides into monosaccharides so limit uptake

69
Q

name the drug that effects the GI tract by limiting saccharide breakdown

A

acarbose and miglitol

70
Q

what is tox of acarbose and miglitol?

A

diarrhea, flatulence

71
Q

what can you do in kidney to lower glucose in glood?

A

block SGLT2

72
Q

name the drugs that block SGLT2 in kidney and work for type 2 DM?

A

canagliflozin
dapagliflozin
empagliflozin

73
Q

what are three SEs of canagliflozin?

A

increased urination and hypotension
and
increased UTI

Endo Week 1 (10 decks)

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