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Endo Week 1 > Endo Histo > Flashcards

Endo Histo Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two other names for the anterior pituitary?

A

adenohypophysis and pars distalis

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2
Q

what are the two types of cells that are mainly in charge of the secreting in the anterior pituitary?

A

acidophils and basophils

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3
Q

what cell in ant pit secretes GH?

A

somatotroph

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4
Q

what stimulates somatotrophs in ant pit?

A

GHRH

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5
Q

what inhibits somatotrophs in ant pit?

A

somatostatin

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6
Q

how do somatotrophs appear in histo? color and organization?

A

orange and in columns

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7
Q

what cell in ant pit secretes prolactin?

A

mammotroph/lactotroph

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8
Q

what inhibits mammotrophs?

A

dopamine

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9
Q

what color do mammotrophs stain?

A

orange

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10
Q

what cell caps gonadotrophs?

A

mammotrophs

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11
Q

what cell in ant pit secretes ACTH?

A

corticotroph

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12
Q

wht are croticotrophs stimulated by?

A

CRH

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13
Q

what is the function of ACTh?

A

to stimulate the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

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14
Q

what color do corticotrophs stain?

A

carolina blue

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15
Q

what cell in ant pit secretes FSH?

A

gonadotroph

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16
Q

what stimulates gonadotrophs?

A

GnRH

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17
Q

what color do gonadotrophs stain?

A

bluish purple

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18
Q

what cell in ant pit secretes TSH?

A

thyrotroph

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19
Q

what stimulates thyrotroph?

A

TRH

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20
Q

what color do thyrotrophs stain?

A

reddish purple

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21
Q

what are two other names for the post pit?

A

neurohypophysis and pars nervosa

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22
Q

what two hormones are secreted in the post pit?

A

oxytocin and ADh

23
Q

aside from the end of neuronal axons in the post pit what other cell is there?

A

pituicytes

24
Q

what is role of pituicytes in the post pit?

A

glial cells..help support axons

25
Q

name the stepwise direction of blood flow through the pituitary

A 
hypophyseal arteries
primary capillary plexus
hypophyseal portal veins
secondary capillary plexus
hypophyseal veins
26
Q

what structure makes up the thyroid gland?

A

thyroid follicles

27
Q

what is inside of thyroid follicles/

A

colloid, a gel of iodinated thyroglobulin

28
Q

what two cell types make up thyroid follicles/

A

follicular cells and intervening clear C cells called parafollicular cells

29
Q

what type of capillaries are seen in thyroid follicles?

A

fenestrated capillaries

30
Q

what do parafollicular or clear C cells of the thyroid produce?

A

calcitonin

31
Q

what is role of calcitonin?

A

lower blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts

32
Q

what are the two cell types of the parathyroid?

A

chief cells

oxyphil cells

33
Q

what is main fxn of the chief cells in the parathyroid?

A

secrete parathyroid hormones

34
Q

what is shape of chief cells in parathyroid?

A

small basophilic cells arranged in clusters and form cords

35
Q

what do adrenal cortex cells do with hormone? what do they not do?

A

they synthesize and secrete…they DO NOT store

36
Q

name the three regions of the cortex of the adrenal

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

37
Q

what is the role of the adrenal medulla?

A

synthesize store and secrete catecholamines

38
Q

what hormone does the zona glomerulosa make?

A

aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

39
Q

what stimulates the zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex?

A

ATII and ACTH

40
Q

what does the zona fasciculata make?

A

glucocorticoids

41
Q

what stimulates the zona fasciculata?

A

ACTH

42
Q

what is a special feature of the cells in the zona fasciculata?

A

mitochondria have tubular and vesciular cristae

43
Q

what is function of the zona reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex?

A

make weak androgens

44
Q

what is the zona reticularis stimulated by?

A

ACTH

45
Q

name the two hormones made by the zona reticularis

A

dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione

46
Q

what is the fxn of hormones made by zona reticularis?

A

promote masculine characteristics

47
Q

what are the cells of the adrenal medulla called?

A

chromaffin cells

48
Q

what innervates chromaffin cells?

A

preganglionic cholinergic sympathetic fibers

49
Q

what are chromaffin cells analogous with?

A

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

50
Q

what two things do chromaffin cells release?

A

NE and epi

51
Q

what cell type in pancreas secretes glucagon?

A

alpha cells

52
Q

where are alpha cells located in the pancrease?

A

periphery

53
Q

what cells secrete insulin the pancreas?

A

beta

54
Q

where are beta cells located in pancreas?

A

central

Endo Week 1 (10 decks)

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