Endo Histo Flashcards
what are the two other names for the anterior pituitary?
adenohypophysis and pars distalis
what are the two types of cells that are mainly in charge of the secreting in the anterior pituitary?
acidophils and basophils
what cell in ant pit secretes GH?
somatotroph
what stimulates somatotrophs in ant pit?
GHRH
what inhibits somatotrophs in ant pit?
somatostatin
how do somatotrophs appear in histo? color and organization?
orange and in columns
what cell in ant pit secretes prolactin?
mammotroph/lactotroph
what inhibits mammotrophs?
dopamine
what color do mammotrophs stain?
orange
what cell caps gonadotrophs?
mammotrophs
what cell in ant pit secretes ACTH?
corticotroph
wht are croticotrophs stimulated by?
CRH
what is the function of ACTh?
to stimulate the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids
what color do corticotrophs stain?
carolina blue
what cell in ant pit secretes FSH?
gonadotroph
what stimulates gonadotrophs?
GnRH
what color do gonadotrophs stain?
bluish purple
what cell in ant pit secretes TSH?
thyrotroph
what stimulates thyrotroph?
TRH
what color do thyrotrophs stain?
reddish purple
what are two other names for the post pit?
neurohypophysis and pars nervosa
what two hormones are secreted in the post pit?
oxytocin and ADh
aside from the end of neuronal axons in the post pit what other cell is there?
pituicytes
what is role of pituicytes in the post pit?
glial cells..help support axons
name the stepwise direction of blood flow through the pituitary
hypophyseal arteries primary capillary plexus hypophyseal portal veins secondary capillary plexus hypophyseal veins
what structure makes up the thyroid gland?
thyroid follicles
what is inside of thyroid follicles/
colloid, a gel of iodinated thyroglobulin
what two cell types make up thyroid follicles/
follicular cells and intervening clear C cells called parafollicular cells
what type of capillaries are seen in thyroid follicles?
fenestrated capillaries
what do parafollicular or clear C cells of the thyroid produce?
calcitonin
what is role of calcitonin?
lower blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts
what are the two cell types of the parathyroid?
chief cells
oxyphil cells
what is main fxn of the chief cells in the parathyroid?
secrete parathyroid hormones
what is shape of chief cells in parathyroid?
small basophilic cells arranged in clusters and form cords
what do adrenal cortex cells do with hormone? what do they not do?
they synthesize and secrete…they DO NOT store
name the three regions of the cortex of the adrenal
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
what is the role of the adrenal medulla?
synthesize store and secrete catecholamines
what hormone does the zona glomerulosa make?
aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
what stimulates the zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex?
ATII and ACTH
what does the zona fasciculata make?
glucocorticoids
what stimulates the zona fasciculata?
ACTH
what is a special feature of the cells in the zona fasciculata?
mitochondria have tubular and vesciular cristae
what is function of the zona reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex?
make weak androgens
what is the zona reticularis stimulated by?
ACTH
name the two hormones made by the zona reticularis
dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione
what is the fxn of hormones made by zona reticularis?
promote masculine characteristics
what are the cells of the adrenal medulla called?
chromaffin cells
what innervates chromaffin cells?
preganglionic cholinergic sympathetic fibers
what are chromaffin cells analogous with?
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
what two things do chromaffin cells release?
NE and epi
what cell type in pancreas secretes glucagon?
alpha cells
where are alpha cells located in the pancrease?
periphery
what cells secrete insulin the pancreas?
beta
where are beta cells located in pancreas?
central
