Endo 1 Flashcards
Most common cause of preventable mental retardation
Iodine deficiency
Hypothyroidism in infancy or early childhood
Cretinism
Method of choice in determining thyroid size accurately
Ultrasound
First test in the approach to thyroid testing
TSH level
Main use of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins(TSI)
Predict neonatal thyrotoxicosis caused by high maternal TSI levels in the last trimester of pregnancy
There is no convincing evidence for a role of infection in autoimmune hypothyroidism, except
Congenital rubella syndrome
Thyroid cell destruction in autoimmune thyroiditis is primarily mediated by
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
Major role in pathogenesis in myxedema coma, leading to hypoxia, hypercapnia
Hypoventilation
Indication for external warming in hypothermia of myxedema
Temperature <30C
Major etiologies of hypethyroidism
Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma
Apathetic thyrotoxicosis in elderly present as
Fatigue and weight loss
Most common cardiovascular manifestation of hyperthyroidism
Sinus tachycardia(associated with palpitations)
Earliest manifestation of Graves opthalmopathy
Sensation of grittiness, eye discomfort, and excess tearing
Most serious manifestation of Graves ophthalmopathy
Compression of the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit
Most frequent site of thyroid dermopathy
Anterior and lateral aspects of the lower leg(pretibial myxedema)
Time of major risk for relapse in Graves disease in pregnancy
Postpartum period
Duration of carbimazole and methimazole free period prior to radiation therapy
Atleast 2 days before
Duration of PTU-free period prior to radioiodine therapy
Several weeks before
Absolute contraindications to radioiodine
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Most common causes of acute thyroiditis in children and young adults
Presence of pyriform sinus(predominantly left-sided)
Most common clinically apparent cause of chronic thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Major cause of sick euthyroid syndrome
Release of cytokines
Most common pattern of sick euthyroid syndrome
Decrease in total and unbound T3 level with normal levels of T4 and TSH
Venous distention over the neck and difficulty breathing especially when the arms are raised
Pemberton sign
