Endo 1

Question 1

Most common cause of preventable mental retardation

Answer 1

Iodine deficiency

Question 2

Hypothyroidism in infancy or early childhood

Answer 2

Cretinism

Question 3

Method of choice in determining thyroid size accurately

Answer 3

Ultrasound

Question 4

First test in the approach to thyroid testing

Answer 4

TSH level

Question 5

Main use of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins(TSI)

Answer 5

Predict neonatal thyrotoxicosis caused by high maternal TSI levels in the last trimester of pregnancy

Question 6

There is no convincing evidence for a role of infection in autoimmune hypothyroidism, except

Answer 6

Congenital rubella syndrome

Question 7

Thyroid cell destruction in autoimmune thyroiditis is primarily mediated by

Answer 7

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Question 8

Major role in pathogenesis in myxedema coma, leading to hypoxia, hypercapnia

Answer 8

Hypoventilation

Question 9

Indication for external warming in hypothermia of myxedema

Answer 9

Temperature <30C

Question 10

Major etiologies of hypethyroidism

Answer 10

Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma

Question 11

Apathetic thyrotoxicosis in elderly present as

Answer 11

Fatigue and weight loss

Question 12

Most common cardiovascular manifestation of hyperthyroidism

Answer 12

Sinus tachycardia(associated with palpitations)

Question 13

Earliest manifestation of Graves opthalmopathy

Answer 13

Sensation of grittiness, eye discomfort, and excess tearing

Question 14

Most serious manifestation of Graves ophthalmopathy

Answer 14

Compression of the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit

Question 15

Most frequent site of thyroid dermopathy

Answer 15

Anterior and lateral aspects of the lower leg(pretibial myxedema)

Question 16

Time of major risk for relapse in Graves disease in pregnancy

Answer 16

Postpartum period

Question 17

Duration of carbimazole and methimazole free period prior to radiation therapy

Answer 17

Atleast 2 days before

Question 18

Duration of PTU-free period prior to radioiodine therapy

Answer 18

Several weeks before

Question 19

Absolute contraindications to radioiodine

Answer 19

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 20

Most common causes of acute thyroiditis in children and young adults

Answer 20

Presence of pyriform sinus(predominantly left-sided)

Question 21

Most common clinically apparent cause of chronic thyroiditis

Answer 21

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 22

Major cause of sick euthyroid syndrome

Answer 22

Release of cytokines

Question 23

Most common pattern of sick euthyroid syndrome

Answer 23

Decrease in total and unbound T3 level with normal levels of T4 and TSH

Question 24

Venous distention over the neck and difficulty breathing especially when the arms are raised

Answer 24

Pemberton sign

Question 25

Most frequent cause of acquired hypoparathyroidism in the past

Answer 25

Surgery for hyperthyroidism

Question 26

Hypoparathyroidism now usually occurs after

Answer 26

Surgery for hyperparathyroidism