End Of Unit Test Flashcards
Operant conditioning
SR bonds formed and strengthened through the use of a satisfier.
This modifies behaviour by manipulating the environment.
Learning is in the form of trial and error.
Types of reinforcement
Complete - reward every time (learning is fast)
Partial - reward is less frequent (long term)
Cognitive theory
Learning through the whole pattern in a realistic situation.
Use of previous experiences to draw things together and make sense of them.
The past experiences form a new response.
Problem solving driven by perception.
Observational learning
Attention paid to demonstration
Retention of demonstration by creating a mental picture
Motor reproduction of the demonstration
Performer must be motivated to reproduce
Cognitive learning
Extrinsic feedback.
Lots of trial and error.
Relevant cues are highlighted to build a mental picture.
Associative learning
Extrinsic feedback given but learner starts to correct own mistakes.
More consistent with a few errors.
Learner becomes aware of subtle and complex cues.
Autonomous learning
Kinaesthetic feedback used to correct errors.
Consistent movements as have been grooved in.
Distraction cues largely ignored.
Visual guidance
Show a skill with a demonstration.
Demonstration must show correct technique and be repeated.
+ Helps create a mental picture.
- Demonstration may be incorrect.
Verbal guidance
Telling the performer the cues of a skill.
Should be concise.
+ Can help motivate
- Could lead to information overload
Manual and mechanical guidance
Manual -> physical support from another person.
Mechanical -> physical support using equipment.
+ Can isolate sub routines
- Can become reliant on support
Intrinsic feedback
Feedback that comes from proprioreceptors
Extrinsic feedback
Feedback that comes from external sources
Positive feedback
External feedback which rewards a performer
Negative feedback
Feedback focusing on the poor aspects of a skill
Knowledge of results
Feedback about the end result
