End of Unit 1 (Quiz 5) Flashcards
What is mitosis?
It is a cell replication, it produces 2 identical daughter cells, and it is involved in growth, replacing worn-out or damaged cells.
How will the embryo develop?
By mitosis. The growth hormone (GH) stimulates the growth of many tissues, including bone and cartilage tissues. Many other hormones are involved in growth.
GH is regulated by: ?
Hypothalamus -> GHRH is the 1st message, it is the growth hormone releasing hormone. Then, the Anterior pituitary gland -> GH, growth hormone. It can affect bones and tissue growth directly or it can affect the liver which will produce IGF (Insulin-like growth factor) which will affet cartilage growth.
What happens if an individual has too much GHRH?
= +GH = Really Tall (Gigantism)
What happens if an individual has very little GHRH?
= -GH = Relly small (Pituitary dwarfism)
What is the role of telomeres?
They protect coding regions (genes) at the end of each chromosome.
What happens with cell division?
With each successive cell division, telomeres become shorter.
What happens when telomeres are too short?
The cell dies
Cell division is controlles by: ?
Checkpoints
What are the two possibilities if there is a change in the DNA (Mutation)?
It is either fixed or the cell dies (Apoptosis= Programmed cell death).
What is a mutagen?
It is something that causes a mutation. Ex.: Chemicals (Cigarettes), UV light (Sun), X-rays, etc.
How can we describe a cancer cell’s cycle?
It is increased and uncontrolled
DO cancer cell undergo cell death?
No, no protection
Can cancer cells spread to other parts of the body?
Yes
Cancer cells cause the growth of: ?
New blood vessels.
