Cells (Unit 1) Flashcards
What are the 4 main categories of molecules?
Sugars, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)
What are the 4 types of tissues?
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
What is the smallest unit of life?
The cell
How is the stucture around the cell membrane called?
Phospholipid bilayer
What does the nucleus include?
DNA
What is the cell membrane also called?
Plasma Membrane
What is the cytoplasm formed of?
Cytosol (Jelly substance) and Organelles
What is the myelin sheat?
It is like the rubber around an electrical wire, it is around the axon and helps with the impulse conduction.
What are the dentrites?
The branches around the cell body of a neuron, it receives impulses
What is another name for the cell body?
Soma
What is the role of axon terminals?
Connect to the next neuron to transmit the message.
What are the 2 nervous systems called?
Central NS and Peripheral NS
What are the 2 components of the CNS?
Spinal cord and Brain
What is the PNS composed of?
Nerves (Afferent and Efferent)
Are the Afferent Nerves Sensory or motor?
Sensory
Are the Efferent Nerves sensory or motor?
Motor
What are the 3 types of neurons by function?
Sensory, Motor, Interneurons
Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses from receptors to CNS?
Sensory
Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors?
Motor
Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses between motor and sensory neurons? (Within CNS)
Interneurons
What are the 3 types of neurons by structure?
Bipolar, Unipolar, Multipolar
How can we differentiate the types of neurons by structure?
By looking at how many branches get out of the cell body.
What is the Neuroglia?
It supports and protect the neurons
Can the neuroglia conduct impulses?
No
What type of neuroglia produces Myelin Sheath in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Which type of neuroglia produces Myelin Sheat in the PNS?
Schwann cells
What type of neuroglia is part of the blood-brain barrier and links blood vessels to neurons?
Astrocytes
What type of neuroglia secretes cerebral spinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
What is the role of the microglia?
It is a type of immune cell for the CNS.
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
Secrete hormones, which travel in blood, bind to specific receptors on target cells.
What are hormones?
Chemicals
What are 2 types of hormones?
Protein (Receptor at the surface) and Steroid (Lipid, Receptor inside the cell).
Name 3 structures of the neuron.
Soma (Cell body), Axon, Dendrites, Axon terminals, Nucleus
What are the 2 parts of the phospholipid bilayer?
Hydrophilic (Phosphate) and Hydrophobic (Lipid)
