Cells (Unit 1)

Question 1

What are the 4 main categories of molecules?

Answer 1

Sugars, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)

Question 2

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 2

Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective

Question 3

What is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 3

The cell

Question 4

How is the stucture around the cell membrane called?

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

What does the nucleus include?

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

What is the cell membrane also called?

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

What is the cytoplasm formed of?

Answer 7

Cytosol (Jelly substance) and Organelles

Question 8

What is the myelin sheat?

Answer 8

It is like the rubber around an electrical wire, it is around the axon and helps with the impulse conduction.

Question 9

What are the dentrites?

Answer 9

The branches around the cell body of a neuron, it receives impulses

Question 10

What is another name for the cell body?

Answer 10

Soma

Question 11

What is the role of axon terminals?

Answer 11

Connect to the next neuron to transmit the message.

Question 12

What are the 2 nervous systems called?

Answer 12

Central NS and Peripheral NS

Question 13

What are the 2 components of the CNS?

Answer 13

Spinal cord and Brain

Question 14

What is the PNS composed of?

Answer 14

Nerves (Afferent and Efferent)

Question 15

Are the Afferent Nerves Sensory or motor?

Answer 15

Sensory

Question 16

Are the Efferent Nerves sensory or motor?

Answer 16

Motor

Question 17

What are the 3 types of neurons by function?

Answer 17

Sensory, Motor, Interneurons

Question 18

Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses from receptors to CNS?

Answer 18

Sensory

Question 19

Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors?

Answer 19

Motor

Question 20

Which type of neurons (By function) is meant to conduct impulses between motor and sensory neurons? (Within CNS)

Answer 20

Interneurons

Question 21

What are the 3 types of neurons by structure?

Answer 21

Bipolar, Unipolar, Multipolar

Question 22

How can we differentiate the types of neurons by structure?

Answer 22

By looking at how many branches get out of the cell body.

Question 23

What is the Neuroglia?

Answer 23

It supports and protect the neurons

Question 24

Can the neuroglia conduct impulses?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What type of neuroglia produces Myelin Sheath in the CNS?

Answer 25

Oligodendrocytes

Question 26

Which type of neuroglia produces Myelin Sheat in the PNS?

Answer 26

Schwann cells

Question 27

What type of neuroglia is part of the blood-brain barrier and links blood vessels to neurons?

Answer 27

Astrocytes

Question 28

What type of neuroglia secretes cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 28

Ependymal cells

Question 29

What is the role of the microglia?

Answer 29

It is a type of immune cell for the CNS.

Question 30

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 30

Secrete hormones, which travel in blood, bind to specific receptors on target cells.

Question 31

What are hormones?

Answer 31

Chemicals

Question 32

What are 2 types of hormones?

Answer 32

Protein (Receptor at the surface) and Steroid (Lipid, Receptor inside the cell).

Question 33

Name 3 structures of the neuron.

Answer 33

Soma (Cell body), Axon, Dendrites, Axon terminals, Nucleus

Question 34

What are the 2 parts of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 34

Hydrophilic (Phosphate) and Hydrophobic (Lipid)