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Brain and Behavior 2 > Encephalitis > Flashcards

Encephalitis Flashcards

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1
Q

mode of transmission of arbovirus

A

arthopods- ticks and mosquitoes*

Ar-thropod Bo-rne

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2
Q

arbovirus causes this disease

A

encephalitis

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3
Q

virus families that include arboviruses

A

flaviviruses, togaviruses, bunyaviruses

TFB- transmitted from bites

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4
Q

viruses of the flavivirus family

A

west nile, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue virus

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5
Q

arbovirus characteristics

  • what genome, what does it trigger?
  • labile or lytic?
  • location of replication?
A

all have RNA genome*, which triggers interferon

*enveloped viruses, so labile

all replicate in cytoplasm of infected host cells

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6
Q

mechanism of action of togavirus family of arboviruses

A

temporarily regulate expression of non-structural and structural proteins through the use of SUBGENOMIC RNA*

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7
Q

genome of flavivirus family, and how it is processed

A

linear, pos sense, single stranded RNA

entire genome is translated as a polyprotein, processed to structural and non-structural proteins*

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8
Q

describe the bunyavirus family virion

A

*helical capsid, single-sranded, segmented, negative sense RNA genome

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9
Q

bunyavirus family is capable of this type of transmission

A

*transovarial transmission: by eggs to offspring

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10
Q

the critical determinants for disease invidence or arbovirus

A

*presence of the natural host AND the vector

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11
Q

humans can serve as reservoirs for spread of Arbovirus disease in these specific viruses

A

dengue and yellow fever

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12
Q

modes of transmission of arboviruses

A

*person to person: blood transfusion, organ transplantation,, transplacental transmission, possibly via breast milk

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13
Q

since arboviruses replicate in the CNS, they can cause..

A

encephalitis

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14
Q

pathogenesis of general arbovirus

A

*virus introduced to blood by arthropod, viremia, initial sxs (rapid onset fever, chills, myalgia), depending on virus it can cause encephalitis, fever, rash fever

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15
Q

majority of WNV are…/ this generates…

A

asymptomatic

life-long immunity

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16
Q

age groups most at risk for arbovirus causing encephalitis

A

children and elderly; need immunocompetence for limiting the disease

17
Q

how reliable is detection of viral genome/antigen in blood for WNV?

A

its transient. only detected in early stages.

18
Q

current guidelines mandate this drug as soon as encephalitis is suspected

A

acyclovir

19
Q

what’s the primary obj in diagnosing viral encephalitis?

A

is it caused by herpes (treatable) or arbovirus (untreatable)

20
Q

vaccines available for preventing arboviral encephalitis?

A

NOT in the US

21
Q

the most important arboviral concern for human health is this disease

A

dengue

22
Q

the most significant human arboviral infection in the world

A

dengue

23
Q

diagnosis tips for dengue virus

A

anyone with a fever who has visited the tropics

pos tourniquet test: vascular permeability and clotting disorders

24
Q

dengue: treatment? prevention?

A

treatment is aggressive supportive care

no vaccine available; eliminate mosquitoes, wear protective clothing

25
Q

pathogenesis of dengue virus

A

enhanced disease may occur by ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT- non-neutralizing antibodies may enhance viral uptake into phagocytic cells

26
Q

what’s another name for tourniquet test? what marks the test as positive?

A

capillary fragility test.

positive if 10-20 petechial hemorrhages per square inch on tourniquet arm

27
Q

Colorado rick fever- what virus? is it an arbovirus?

A

reovirus

NO

28
Q

seasonal trend of US arbovirus infections

A

summer to early fall

29
Q

a robovirus transmitted by rodents that causes neurologic disease

A

lymphocytic choriomeningitis

30
Q

characteristics of arenaviridae

A
  • area = sandy (host ribosomes in virion)
  • 2 circular ss RNA genome segments

s segment is ambisense*-

31
Q

diagnosis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis is done by

A

RT-PCR

supportive treatment only; no vaccine

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