Brainstem II Flashcards
cranial nerve problems: ipsilateral or contralateral?
ipsilateral
the UMN tract from the cortex to the brainstem that innervates LMNs
corticobulbar tract
what is alternating hemiplegia?
ipsilateral tongue LMN signs; contralateral body UMN signs
describe path of innervation to the tongue
pyramidal cells from cerebral cortex, go through brainstem where they’re called corticobulbar tract, stop and innervate alpha motor neurons
how can you have a UMN lesion involving the tongue? signs?
a contralateral hypoglossal nucleus lesion (which is in the pons); weak, but no fasciculations)
vocal cord paralysis: which cranial nerve is lesioned? which nucleus?
CN X (vagus); ambiguous nucleus
somatic sensory from outer ear: which nucleus?
spinal trigeminal
general visceral sensory from larynx, pharynx, thorax, abdomen; and special visceral sensory form taste buds of epiglottis: which nucleus?
solitary nucleus, vagus nerve
general visceral motor to thorax and abdomen: what nucleus?
dorsal motor of vagus
parasympathetics to the heart: what nucleus?
nucleus ambiguous/visceral motor
gag reflex: afferent limb, which nucleus? efferent limb, which nucleus?
glossopharyngeal (IX) - SOLITARY NUCLEUS; vagus (X) - NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS
visceral sensory from mucosa of pharynx what CN, what nucleus?
glossopharyngeal; solitary nucleus
pain from pharynx, posterior tongue: what cranial nerve? what nucleus?
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve; spinal trigeminal nucleus
visceral motor functions of glossopharyngeal nerve: what nucleus? what function?
inferior salivatory nucleus; parasympathetics to otic ganglion to innervate the parotid gland
the branchial motor of the glossopharyngeal nerve: which nucleus? what function?
nucleus ambiguus; branchial motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
internal arcuate fibers of DCML location
medulla
decussation of the pyramids location (lat. corticospinal tract)
medulla
where is the area postrema? function?
circumventricular organ/emetic chemoreceptor in the medulla, very posterior at the obex. vomiting. no BBB.
function of medullary reticular formation
arousal from sleep
Bell’s palsy: what nucleus/nerve?
CN VII (LMN); corticobulbar nucleus on the ipsilateral side
nucleus for branchial motor to muscles of facial expression
facial motor nucleus
which nucleus does parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland) and submandibular ganglion (nervus intermedius) to submandib. and subling glands
superior salivatory nucleus
facial nerve motor to salivary, nasal, palatine, lacrimal glands: what nucleus?
superior salivatory
nucleus for taste
solitary nucleus
facial nerve UMN lesion location
corticobulbar lesion
facial nerve lower motor neuron lesion location
facial nucleus or facial nerve; Bell’s palsy
medial strabismus: which nerve is lesioned?
abducens (CN VI) - lateral rectus paralyzed
symptoms of abducens nucleus lesion
no lateral gaze eye same side + no conjugate contralateral medial gaze
symptoms of abducens nerve lesion
no lateral gaze eye same side
medial longitudinal fasciculus: responsible for ?
conjugate eye movements
what does the medial longitudinal fasciculus connect?
vestibular nucleus to CN 3, 4, and 6 AND abducens to oculomotor
what causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (contralateral III doesn’t)
somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from skin of face and mucous membranes, dura: which nucleus?
main sensory nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus
somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from stretch receptors of muscles of mastication: which nucleus?
from mesencephalic nucleus to the motor nucleus of vagus
which nucleus does jaw jerk reflex travel on?
mesencephalic nucleus to motor nucleus of the vagus
branchial motor of trigeminal nerve to muscles of mastication: which nucleus?
motor nucleus of vagus
spinal trigeminal nucleus is to spinothalamics as main sensory nucleus is to ____
DC-ML (main sensory does deep touch, vibration, 2 pt discrimination)
destination of the trigeminal system
VPM (ventral posterior medial nucleus)
destination of the spinal cord
VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus)
skin of outer ear: which cranial nerves? which tract?
7, 9, 10 - spinal trigeminal system
small portion of oral cavity that ascends uncrossed
dorsal trigeminal thalamic tract
what neuron functions as corneal reflex (bilateral blinking)?
relay reticular formation neuron
name nerves and nuclei of corneal reflex
sensory: V1 to rostral spinal nucleus (V); motor: facial nerve via facial motor nucleus
jaw jerk reflex: monosynaptic or polysynaptic?
monosynaptic
name nerves and nuclei of jaw jerk reflex
sensory: V via mesencephalon nucleus; motor: V via motor nucleus to masseter and temporal muscle
only place where there are pseudounipolar neurons inside the CNS itself
trigeminal ganglion and nucleus
type of neuron for jaw jerk reflex
pseudounipolar
function of superior olivary nucleus; function of lateral lemniscus
sound localization; hearing.
