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Brain and Behavior 2 > Brainstem II > Flashcards

Brainstem II Flashcards

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1
Q

cranial nerve problems: ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral

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2
Q

the UMN tract from the cortex to the brainstem that innervates LMNs

A

corticobulbar tract

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3
Q

what is alternating hemiplegia?

A

ipsilateral tongue LMN signs; contralateral body UMN signs

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4
Q

describe path of innervation to the tongue

A

pyramidal cells from cerebral cortex, go through brainstem where they’re called corticobulbar tract, stop and innervate alpha motor neurons

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5
Q

how can you have a UMN lesion involving the tongue? signs?

A

a contralateral hypoglossal nucleus lesion (which is in the pons); weak, but no fasciculations)

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6
Q

vocal cord paralysis: which cranial nerve is lesioned? which nucleus?

A

CN X (vagus); ambiguous nucleus

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7
Q

somatic sensory from outer ear: which nucleus?

A

spinal trigeminal

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8
Q

general visceral sensory from larynx, pharynx, thorax, abdomen; and special visceral sensory form taste buds of epiglottis: which nucleus?

A

solitary nucleus, vagus nerve

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9
Q

general visceral motor to thorax and abdomen: what nucleus?

A

dorsal motor of vagus

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10
Q

parasympathetics to the heart: what nucleus?

A

nucleus ambiguous/visceral motor

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11
Q

gag reflex: afferent limb, which nucleus? efferent limb, which nucleus?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX) - SOLITARY NUCLEUS; vagus (X) - NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS

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12
Q

visceral sensory from mucosa of pharynx what CN, what nucleus?

A

glossopharyngeal; solitary nucleus

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13
Q

pain from pharynx, posterior tongue: what cranial nerve? what nucleus?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve; spinal trigeminal nucleus

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14
Q

visceral motor functions of glossopharyngeal nerve: what nucleus? what function?

A

inferior salivatory nucleus; parasympathetics to otic ganglion to innervate the parotid gland

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15
Q

the branchial motor of the glossopharyngeal nerve: which nucleus? what function?

A

nucleus ambiguus; branchial motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

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16
Q

internal arcuate fibers of DCML location

A

medulla

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17
Q

decussation of the pyramids location (lat. corticospinal tract)

A

medulla

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18
Q

where is the area postrema? function?

A

circumventricular organ/emetic chemoreceptor in the medulla, very posterior at the obex. vomiting. no BBB.

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19
Q

function of medullary reticular formation

A

arousal from sleep

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20
Q

Bell’s palsy: what nucleus/nerve?

A

CN VII (LMN); corticobulbar nucleus on the ipsilateral side

21
Q

nucleus for branchial motor to muscles of facial expression

A

facial motor nucleus

22
Q

which nucleus does parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland) and submandibular ganglion (nervus intermedius) to submandib. and subling glands

A

superior salivatory nucleus

23
Q

facial nerve motor to salivary, nasal, palatine, lacrimal glands: what nucleus?

A

superior salivatory

24
Q

nucleus for taste

A

solitary nucleus

25
Q

facial nerve UMN lesion location

A

corticobulbar lesion

26
Q

facial nerve lower motor neuron lesion location

A

facial nucleus or facial nerve; Bell’s palsy

27
Q

medial strabismus: which nerve is lesioned?

A

abducens (CN VI) - lateral rectus paralyzed

28
Q

symptoms of abducens nucleus lesion

A

no lateral gaze eye same side + no conjugate contralateral medial gaze

29
Q

symptoms of abducens nerve lesion

A

no lateral gaze eye same side

30
Q

medial longitudinal fasciculus: responsible for ?

A

conjugate eye movements

31
Q

what does the medial longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

vestibular nucleus to CN 3, 4, and 6 AND abducens to oculomotor

32
Q

what causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (contralateral III doesn’t)

33
Q

somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from skin of face and mucous membranes, dura: which nucleus?

A

main sensory nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus

34
Q

somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from stretch receptors of muscles of mastication: which nucleus?

A

from mesencephalic nucleus to the motor nucleus of vagus

35
Q

which nucleus does jaw jerk reflex travel on?

A

mesencephalic nucleus to motor nucleus of the vagus

36
Q

branchial motor of trigeminal nerve to muscles of mastication: which nucleus?

A

motor nucleus of vagus

37
Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus is to spinothalamics as main sensory nucleus is to ____

A

DC-ML (main sensory does deep touch, vibration, 2 pt discrimination)

38
Q

destination of the trigeminal system

A

VPM (ventral posterior medial nucleus)

39
Q

destination of the spinal cord

A

VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus)

40
Q

skin of outer ear: which cranial nerves? which tract?

A

7, 9, 10 - spinal trigeminal system

41
Q

small portion of oral cavity that ascends uncrossed

A

dorsal trigeminal thalamic tract

42
Q

what neuron functions as corneal reflex (bilateral blinking)?

A

relay reticular formation neuron

43
Q

name nerves and nuclei of corneal reflex

A

sensory: V1 to rostral spinal nucleus (V); motor: facial nerve via facial motor nucleus

44
Q

jaw jerk reflex: monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

A

monosynaptic

45
Q

name nerves and nuclei of jaw jerk reflex

A

sensory: V via mesencephalon nucleus; motor: V via motor nucleus to masseter and temporal muscle

46
Q

only place where there are pseudounipolar neurons inside the CNS itself

A

trigeminal ganglion and nucleus

47
Q

type of neuron for jaw jerk reflex

A

pseudounipolar

48
Q

function of superior olivary nucleus; function of lateral lemniscus

A

sound localization; hearing.

Brain and Behavior 2 (25 decks)

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