En-route Flashcards
Even number airways, in general, run which way?
East West
Odd number airways, in general, run which way?
North South
What are the number in the box between two navaids?
Distance between the two navaids or compulsory reporting points
triangles indicate what?
reporting points, filled in triangles are compulsory reporting points
What is the secondary area of clearance on airways, and what is it’s limit?
The MOCA guarantees 1000 between you and the highest obstacles within 4 miles of both sides of the airway (primary area). The secondary area, which extends for an additional 2 miles guarantees obstacle clearance 500 feet less than the primary area and tapers to 1000 feet less at 6 miles from the centerline
The MOCA ensures VOR reception signal within how many miles from the navaid?
22 nm
In “IFR” speak, what is a direct flight defined as?
A flight that is not on a published airway
When planning a direct flight, which altitude must you?
OROCA? Off-route obstruction clearance altitude, which only ensures obstacle clearance
What does the MEA guarantee?
- obstacle clearance requirements
- satisfactory nav signal
- identification of fixes on the airway
When can a fix not be identified when flying at the MEA?
When a MRA exists. A minimum reception altitude is present when a higher altitude than MEA is required to identify a fix
What is a mea gap?
A period where, when flying at the mea, there is a gap in navigation signal coverage. The maximum GAP is 1.444 nm per 1,000 feet of altitude. Maintain same heading until you receive another signal
What is MAA?
Maximum authorized altitude, usually in conjuction with a time restriction above the MAA
Cross bars at an intersection indicate what?
One or more of the altitude listed on the present airway change
When is the change over point on a dog-leg airway?
When the airway bends
What does an open-headed arrow indicate?
It shows the dme distance and azimuth from a navaid to a reporting point
Is an IFR-approved GPS required to flight a RNAV route?
yes
If a flight is long or the departure time is far out, why would a METAR still be valuable?
You can use the METAR to determine if the actual conditions are better, same, or worse than what was forecasted
What are the major limitations on PIREPS?
the age of the PIREP, and the type aircraft the PIREPS was made in (type and severity of icing and turbulence). A few minutes old PIREP will most likely not be indicative of the current conditions in that same location
True or False, just before, during or after an occlusion is one of the nastiest times to fly, why or why not?
True, There is a high chance of wind shear (wind shift or sind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere)
If your flight is over mountenous terrain, what should you look at with regards to winds?
You want to look at the wind speeds at the ridge level, if they are over 20 knots, expect rough air, updraft and downdrafts. Especially lee side of mountain
ATIS without sky condition and visibility implies what?
a ceiling > 5000 ft. and visibility >/= 5 miles
What is HIWAS, and what does it broadcast?
Hazardous In-Flight Weather Advisory Service, broadcasts airmets, sigmets, convective sigmets, center weather advisories (CWA), Severe weather forecas alerts (AWW), and Urgent PIREPS
The ability for the atmosphere to hold water is doubled for every increase of how many degrees?
11 degrees celsius
When using a DP, how do you determine the rate of climb you must use, when a minimum climb per nautical mile is required?
Divide your groundspeed by 60 to find your “miles per minute”, then multiply that number by the rquired “feet per mile” to find the required “feet per minute”.
If your airport is to or from a major airport, what must you check before planning your route, and where would you find this information?
You must check preferred routes, which can be found in the A/FD
Why are preferred routes established?
They are established between major airports to increase airport capacity and efficiency
Is the preferred route the same in both directions?
Not Always
If a preferred route begins with an airway, what does that mean, or if it begins with a fix, what would you expect?
If it begins with an airway, it means the airway essential overlies the field, and you will be cleared to fly that airway. If it begins or ends with a fix you can expect a SID, STAR, or Radar Vector to begin your route.
What does the reverse “T” on an approach chart indicate?
It indicates either non-standard takeoff minimums or special departure procedures exist for the airport.
What does the reverse “A” on an approach chart indicate
It indicates the airport can’t be used for an alternate, or non-standard alternate minimums exist.
Are there takeoff minimums under part 91?
There are no takeoff minimums for aircraft not operating for hire.
If there is an ODP at the departure airport, must you comply?
You must always comply with departure procedures when taking off IFR.
What does a shadow box on a VOR indicate?
It indicates FSS requencies 121.5 and 122.2 are available
What is the precision approach runway light distance?
2,400 to 3,000 feet
What is the non-precision approach runway light distance?
1,400 to 1,500 feet
What does a negative symbol indicate with reference to lighting?
The lighting is pilot controlled
missed approach turns can only be made when?
at the missed approach point
When must you file an alternate?
An alternate is required if either your destination doesn’t have an IAP, or the ceiling is forecasted to be less than 2,000’, or the visibility less than 3 SM from one hour before to one hour after the ETA.
What are the weather requirements for your alternate?
First, you must look in the TPP to see if your airport has non-standard alternate minimums. If it doesn’t the airport must have a forecasted ceiling of 600’ and 2 SM visibility if there is a precision approach, and a forecasted ceiling of 800’ and 2 SM visiblity if there is a non-precision approach. If no approach exists the airport can be listed as an alternate if the forecasted weather would allow a descent from the MEA to landing must be made in basic VMC.
Can you use the area forecast for those airports without a TAF to determine if an alternate is required, and if an airport satisfies alternate weather requirements?
Yes
Are the alternate weather minimums for flight planning purposes only?
Yes, to land at your alternate, you must only have the required visibility and ceiling needed for the approach to be flown.
