En-route

Question 1

Even number airways, in general, run which way?

Answer 1

East West

Question 2

Odd number airways, in general, run which way?

Answer 2

North South

Question 3

What are the number in the box between two navaids?

Answer 3

Distance between the two navaids or compulsory reporting points

Question 4

triangles indicate what?

Answer 4

reporting points, filled in triangles are compulsory reporting points

Question 5

What is the secondary area of clearance on airways, and what is it’s limit?

Answer 5

The MOCA guarantees 1000 between you and the highest obstacles within 4 miles of both sides of the airway (primary area). The secondary area, which extends for an additional 2 miles guarantees obstacle clearance 500 feet less than the primary area and tapers to 1000 feet less at 6 miles from the centerline

Question 6

The MOCA ensures VOR reception signal within how many miles from the navaid?

Answer 6

22 nm

Question 7

In “IFR” speak, what is a direct flight defined as?

Answer 7

A flight that is not on a published airway

Question 8

When planning a direct flight, which altitude must you?

Answer 8

OROCA? Off-route obstruction clearance altitude, which only ensures obstacle clearance

Question 9

What does the MEA guarantee?

Answer 9

• obstacle clearance requirements
• satisfactory nav signal
• identification of fixes on the airway

Question 10

When can a fix not be identified when flying at the MEA?

Answer 10

When a MRA exists. A minimum reception altitude is present when a higher altitude than MEA is required to identify a fix

Question 11

What is a mea gap?

Answer 11

A period where, when flying at the mea, there is a gap in navigation signal coverage. The maximum GAP is 1.444 nm per 1,000 feet of altitude. Maintain same heading until you receive another signal

Question 12

What is MAA?

Answer 12

Maximum authorized altitude, usually in conjuction with a time restriction above the MAA

Question 13

Cross bars at an intersection indicate what?

Answer 13

One or more of the altitude listed on the present airway change

Question 14

When is the change over point on a dog-leg airway?

Answer 14

When the airway bends

Question 15

What does an open-headed arrow indicate?

Answer 15

It shows the dme distance and azimuth from a navaid to a reporting point

Question 16

Is an IFR-approved GPS required to flight a RNAV route?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

If a flight is long or the departure time is far out, why would a METAR still be valuable?

Answer 17

You can use the METAR to determine if the actual conditions are better, same, or worse than what was forecasted

Question 18

What are the major limitations on PIREPS?

Answer 18

the age of the PIREP, and the type aircraft the PIREPS was made in (type and severity of icing and turbulence). A few minutes old PIREP will most likely not be indicative of the current conditions in that same location

Question 19

True or False, just before, during or after an occlusion is one of the nastiest times to fly, why or why not?

Answer 19

True, There is a high chance of wind shear (wind shift or sind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere)

Question 20

If your flight is over mountenous terrain, what should you look at with regards to winds?

Answer 20

You want to look at the wind speeds at the ridge level, if they are over 20 knots, expect rough air, updraft and downdrafts. Especially lee side of mountain

Question 21

ATIS without sky condition and visibility implies what?

Answer 21

a ceiling > 5000 ft. and visibility >/= 5 miles

Question 22

What is HIWAS, and what does it broadcast?

Answer 22

Hazardous In-Flight Weather Advisory Service, broadcasts airmets, sigmets, convective sigmets, center weather advisories (CWA), Severe weather forecas alerts (AWW), and Urgent PIREPS

Question 23

The ability for the atmosphere to hold water is doubled for every increase of how many degrees?

Answer 23

11 degrees celsius

Question 24

When using a DP, how do you determine the rate of climb you must use, when a minimum climb per nautical mile is required?

Answer 24

Divide your groundspeed by 60 to find your “miles per minute”, then multiply that number by the rquired “feet per mile” to find the required “feet per minute”.

Question 25

If your airport is to or from a major airport, what must you check before planning your route, and where would you find this information?

Answer 25

You must check preferred routes, which can be found in the A/FD

Question 26

Why are preferred routes established?

Answer 26

They are established between major airports to increase airport capacity and efficiency

Question 27

Is the preferred route the same in both directions?

Answer 27

Not Always

Question 28

If a preferred route begins with an airway, what does that mean, or if it begins with a fix, what would you expect?

Answer 28

If it begins with an airway, it means the airway essential overlies the field, and you will be cleared to fly that airway. If it begins or ends with a fix you can expect a SID, STAR, or Radar Vector to begin your route.

Question 29

What does the reverse “T” on an approach chart indicate?

Answer 29

It indicates either non-standard takeoff minimums or special departure procedures exist for the airport.

Question 30

What does the reverse “A” on an approach chart indicate

Answer 30

It indicates the airport can’t be used for an alternate, or non-standard alternate minimums exist.

Question 31

Are there takeoff minimums under part 91?

Answer 31

There are no takeoff minimums for aircraft not operating for hire.

Question 32

If there is an ODP at the departure airport, must you comply?

Answer 32

You must always comply with departure procedures when taking off IFR.

Question 33

What does a shadow box on a VOR indicate?

Answer 33

It indicates FSS requencies 121.5 and 122.2 are available

Question 34

What is the precision approach runway light distance?

Answer 34

2,400 to 3,000 feet

Question 35

What is the non-precision approach runway light distance?

Answer 35

1,400 to 1,500 feet

Question 36

What does a negative symbol indicate with reference to lighting?

Answer 36

The lighting is pilot controlled

Question 37

missed approach turns can only be made when?

Answer 37

at the missed approach point

Question 38

When must you file an alternate?

Answer 38

An alternate is required if either your destination doesn’t have an IAP, or the ceiling is forecasted to be less than 2,000’, or the visibility less than 3 SM from one hour before to one hour after the ETA.

Question 39

What are the weather requirements for your alternate?

Answer 39

First, you must look in the TPP to see if your airport has non-standard alternate minimums. If it doesn’t the airport must have a forecasted ceiling of 600’ and 2 SM visibility if there is a precision approach, and a forecasted ceiling of 800’ and 2 SM visiblity if there is a non-precision approach. If no approach exists the airport can be listed as an alternate if the forecasted weather would allow a descent from the MEA to landing must be made in basic VMC.

Question 40

Can you use the area forecast for those airports without a TAF to determine if an alternate is required, and if an airport satisfies alternate weather requirements?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Are the alternate weather minimums for flight planning purposes only?

Answer 41

Yes, to land at your alternate, you must only have the required visibility and ceiling needed for the approach to be flown.