EMT205 Review Flashcards
which of the following medications is commonly administered via nebulizer?
a. penicillin
b. albuterol
c. digoxin
d. lidocaine
b. albuterol
a patient experiences profound sedation when an opioid, such as fentanyl, is given together with a benzodiazepine, such as midazolam. This is an example of:
a. summation
b. synergism
c. antagonism
d. potentiation
b. synergism
the action of the body in response to a medication is called:
a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics
c. biotransformation
d. pharmacology
a. pharmacokinetics
the generic name of medication:
a. is the official name approved by the FDA
b. does not require approval from the FDA
c. contains a string of letters and numbers
d. is proprietary and cannot be reproduced
a. is the official name approved by the FDA
which of the following medications is derived from a plant source?
a. atropine
b. insulin
c. heparin
d. lithium
a. atropine
a medication undergoes first-pass metabolism in the:
a. stomach
b. spleen
c. liver
d. bone marrow
c. liver
which of the following statements regarding the sublingual administration of nitroglycerin is correct?
a. sublingual nitroglycerin administration involved placing a tablet between the patient’s cheek and gum
b. large doses of intravenous nitroglycerin are required to achieve the same effect as a single sublingual nitroglycerine dose
c. sublingual nitroglycerine has a delayed onset of action, but nearly a 100% bioavailability
d. nitroglycerin given by the sublingual route has a rapid onset of action
d. nitroglycerin given by the sublingual route has a rapid onset of action
which of the following medications would be considered an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor?
a. Captopril
b. Zantac
c. Diazepam
d. Synthroid
a. Captopril
an undesirable clinical change caused by a medication that causes some degree of harm or discomfort to the patient is called a(n):
a. side effect
b. placebo effect
c. adverse effect
d. idiosyncrasy
c. adverse effect
a drug possesses the same desired clinical effect in several smaller doses as it does in a larger single dose has demonstrated:
a. an idiosyncratic reaction
b. the placebo effect
c. cross-tolerance
d. a cumulative action
d. a cumulative action
if yo had 18 tablespoons of couch syrup, you would have about:
a. 0.5 L
b. 0.25 L
c. 0.1 L
d. 0.33 L
b. 0.25 L
which question would cause an unnecessary delay if used during the safety cross-check procedure?
a. volume?
b. ready?
c. expiration date?
d. contraindications?
c. expiration date?
to administer a nasal drug to a patient who is slumped over a chair, you should first:
a. use a decongestant to clear the nose
b. wipe the nasal area with an antiseptic wipe
c. warm the medication
d. move the patient to lie on his or her back
d. move the patient to lie on his or her back
the drop factor in running an intravenous line is:
a. the distance below the intravenous pump to place the patient
b. the amount blood pressure will change with each milliliter administered
c. the size of the drop delivered by an apparatus
d. the number of drops per second
c. the size of the drop delivered by an apparatus
which injectable medication is not typically carried on an ambulance?
a. dry powder to weigh
b. multidose vial
c. single-dose ampule
d. prefilled syringe
a. dry powder to weigh
a patient has a fever at:
a. 30 Celsius
b. 35 Celsius
c. 20 Celsius
d. 40 Celsius
d. 40 Celsius
which of the following interventions requires an approach that is different form venous cannulation?
a. removing fluid buildup
b. providing drugs
c. supplying fluids
d. obtaining samples
a. removing fluid buildup
which of the following is part of “clean technique”?
a. cleaning agents
b. working without barrier for a good view
c. working as quickly as possible
d. cleaning used disposable needles
a. cleaning agents
which of the following medications could be found both on the NEMSIS list and on any ePCR?
a. enalapril
b. calcium gluconate
c. diazepam
d. prednisone
c. diazepam
about how many sharps-related injuries occur each year among US health care workers?
a. 400,000
b. 300,000
c. 600,000
d. 200,000
a. 400,000
drugs are derived from these five major sources:
a. water, air, minerals, microorganisms, and animals
b. minerals, air, synthetics, chemicals, and water
c. plants, animals, minerals, synthetics, and microorganisms
d. food products, air, minerals, water, and synthetics
c. plants, animals, minerals, synthetics, and microorganisms
which of the following is the drug name for Demerol, as approved by the FDA?
a. Demerol
b. Meperidine hydrochloride
c. Meperidine hydrochloride, USP
d. Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylisoni-pectotate
b. Meperidine hydrochloride
which name is “Nitrostat (R)”?
a. trade name
b. chemical name
c. official name
d. generic name
a. trade name
which name is “nitroglycerine?
a. trade name
b. chemical name
c. official name
d. generic name
d. generic name
which name is “Nitroglycerine Sublingual Tablets, USP”?
a. trade name
b. chemical name
c. official name
d. generic name
d. official name
which name is “1,2,3-trinitroxypropane”?
a. trade name
b. chemical name
c. official name
d. generic name
b. chemical name
compared to trade name drugs, generic drugs:
a. have 75% to 90% of the strength of trade name drugs
b. have the same therapeutic efficacy as the trade name version
c. are produced by the government; trade name drugs are produced by private industry
d. are typically repackaged versions of the trade name drugs that have exceeded their shelf life
b. have the same therapeutic efficacy as the trade name version
which of the following would provide the most up-to-date information on a drug?
a. the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
b. American Medical Association Drug Evaluation
c. the American Hospital Formulary Service
d. Internet Web sites such as MedLine Plus
d. Internet Web sites such as MedLine Plus
which 1906 act by the US Congress was enacted to protect the public from mislabeled or adulterated drugs?
a. The National Formulary Act
b. The Pure Food and Drug Act
c. The Controlled Substance Act
d. The United States Pharmacopeia Act
b. The Pure Food and Drug Act
which of the following is “the science of dispensing drugs”?
a. pharmaceutics
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmocodistribution
a. pharmaceutics
which of the following is “the study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion”?
a. pharmaceutics
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmocodistribution
b. pharmacokinetics
which of the following is “the study of how a drug acts on a living organism”?
a. pharmaceutics
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmocodistribution
c. pharmacodynamics
what is an “orphan drug”?
a. a medication used to treat a rare condition
b. a medication used for patients with no insurance
c. a medication whose use is prohibited for orphaned children
d. a medication derived from an unknown source
a. a medication used to treat a rare condition
which is the following is an enteral route of administration?
a. rectal
b. intramuscular
c. sublingual
d. intravenous
a. rectal
most absorption of drugs administered by the enteral route occurs in the:
a. mucosal lining of the mouth
b. stomach
c. large intestine
d. small intestine
c. small intestine
parenteral drugs are administered:
a. within the GI tract
b. by mouth
c. by injection
d. through the skin
c. by injection
the two general types of drug reservoirs are:
a. fat binding and muscle binding
b. plasma protein binding and tissue binding
c. erythrocyte binding and leukocyte binding
d. preganglionic binding and postganglionic binding
b. plasma protein binding and tissue binding
lipid-soluble drugs tend to be stored in:
a. tendons
b. muscles
c. bones
d. fat
d. fat
the primary organ(s) of drug excretion is (are) the:
a. liver
b. lungs
c. spleen
d. kidneys
d. kidneys
reactive sites within cells or an cellular surfaces where a drug may bind are called:
a. locks
b. binders
c. keys
d. receptors
d. receptors
removal or destruction of disease-causing organisms or infected material is known as:
a. medical asepsis
b. medical cleansing
c. debridement
d. sterilization
a. medical asepsis
which of the following does NOT affect the drug absorption?
a. blood flow to the site of administration
b. the solubility of the drug
c. temperature of the medication at time of administration
d. the drug concentration
c. temperature of the medication at time of administration
which organ is NOT used for excretion?
a. liver
b. kidney
c. lungs
d. intestine
a. liver
children are highly sensitive to drugs, this is a result of:
a. natural decline of hepatic and renal systems
b. immature hepatic and renal systems
c. overactions hepatic and renal systems
d. they are not highly sensitive to drugs
b. immature hepatic and renal systems
when sodium bicarbonate is mixed with ___, the mixture crystallizes (or precipitates)?
a. sodium chloride
b. adenosine
c. amiodarone
d. calcium chloride
d. calcium chloride
what is inadvertently produced by mixing sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride?
a. calcium carbonate (chalk)
b. dextrose
c. insulin
d. air molecule(s)
a. calcium carbonate (chalk)
the acronym “NAVEL” represents which drugs?
a. nitroglycerine, atropine, valium, epinephrine, and lasix
b. naloxone, adenosine, verapamil, epinephrine, and lidocaine
c. naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, epinephrine, and lidocaine
d. a. nitroglycerine, adenosine, valium, epinephrine, and lasix
c. naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, epinephrine, and lidocaine
a wide TI range indicates:
a. a drug that is fairly safe
b. a drug’s effective levels and lethal levels are small
c. a drug that has high risks
d. a drug that is illegal
a. a drug that is fairly safe
which of the following medications CANNOT be administered via endotracheal tube?
a. naloxone
b. epinephrine
c. atropine
d. glucose
e. no drug can be delivered via ETT
d. glucose
which of the following medications can be administered via endotracheal tube?
a. heparin
b. thiamine
c. atropine
d. glucose
e. any drug can be delivered via ETT
c. atropine
fibers that release acetylcholine are known as:
a. adrenergic
b. muscarinic
c. cholinergic
d. anticholinergic
c. cholinergic
epinephrine is an adrenergic substance that is a(n):
a. enzyme produced by the kidneys
b. enzyme produced in the cerebral cortex
c. hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
d. hormone produced by the medulla oblongata
c. hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
drugs that mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are called:
a. parasympatholytic
b. parasympathomimetic
c. sympatholytic
d. sympathomimetic
b. parasympathomimetic
examples of synthetic catecholamines include:
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. lovephed
d. dopamine
c. levophed
where are alpha-1 receptors located?
a. in the brain only
b. at the presynaptic nerve endings
c. in the brain and heart only
d. in a postsynaptic position, on the effector organ
d. in a postsynaptic position, on the effector organ
where are alpha-2 receptors located?
a. in the heart only
b. at the presynaptic nerve endings
c. in a postsynaptic position, on the effector organ
d. at the presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve endings
d. at the presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve endings
the drug ketorolac (Toradol) is a(n):
a. opioid
b. opiate
c. NSAID
d. narcotic analgesic
c. NSAID