Employee Motivation (Chapter 17) Flashcards
What is the definition of Motivation?
To encourage employees to be more productive and innovative. Motivation can maintain a positive workforce which leads to greater efficiency, higher morale and less absenteeism and turnover.
Explain the Motivation Theory “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”
Maslow’s theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a series of hierarchical needs, starting from basic physiological needs and progressing to higher-level psychological needs. Needs are arranged in a pyramid with five levels: physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem and self-actualization. People strive to satisfy lower-level needs before progressing to higher-level needs. The theory emphasizes that the fulfillment of higher-level needs leads to personal growth and self-fulfillment.
Explain the Motivation Theory “Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory”
Herzberg’s theory focuses on two sets of factors that influence motivation and job satisfaction: motivators and hygiene factors. Motivators are intrinsic factors that lead to job satisfaction, such as recognition, responsibility and opportunities for growth. Hygiene factors are extrinsic factors that, if absent or inadequate, can lead to job dissatisfaction, such as salary, working conditions and company policies. The theory suggests that enhancing motivators can increase job satisfaction, while addressing hygiene factors can prevent job dissatisfaction.
Explain the Motivation Theory “ Vroom’s Expectancy Theory”
Vroom’s theory proposes that individuals are motivated by their beliefs about the relationship between effort, performance and outcomes. The theory asserts that motivation is influenced by three factors: expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to successful performance. Instrumentality refers to the belief that successful performance will be rewarded. Valence refers to the value or desirability individuals attach to the anticipated rewards. Motivation increases when individuals perceive a high probability of success, desirable rewards and a strong link between performance and outcomes.
Explain the Motivation Theory “Adam’s Equity Theory”
Adam’s theory suggests that individuals are motivated by their perceptions of fairness in social exchanges and comparisons with others. The theory emphasizes that individuals evaluate their input (effort, skills) and outcomes (rewards, recognition) relative to others. When there is perceived inequity, such as underpayment or unequal treatment, individuals may experience dissatisfaction and seek to restore equity. Equity can be achieved through adjusting inputs, outcomes, or changing perceptions of others’ inputs and outcomes.
What are the 2 types of Rewards?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic.
What are 3 examples of Extrinsic Rewards?
Financial benefits, Promotions, Insurance or medical benefits
What are 3 examples of Intrinsic Rewards?
Recognition, Sense of Achievement, Appreciation
Identify and Define 2 examples of Financial Incentives
Sales Bonuses: additional financial rewards given to employees based on their sales performance. Sales bonuses can motivate employees to achieve their sales targets and increase their earnings.
Shares Schemes: allow employees to purchase or receive shares of company stock. This provides employees with a financial stake in the company’s success and can align their interests with the company’s goals.
Identify and Define 2 examples of Non-Financial Incentives
Skill Improvement Training: refers to providing employees with opportunities to enhance their skills and acquire new knowledge. This can help employees develop their expertise and contribute more effectively to the organization.
Recognition and Reward: programs that acknowledge and appreciate employee’s contributions and achievements. These programs can boost employee morale and create a positive work environment.
What is the definition of Penalties?
Consequences imposed on employees for violating company policies or exhibiting unacceptable behaviour. Penalties serve as a deterrent and reinforce discipline within the organisation.
Explain the concept of Reciprocal Relationships
The performance of staff is directly related to job satisfaction and the extent to which their expectations are met by work. Employees expect safe working conditions, job security, good pay, and fair treatment. Employers expect employees will work to the best of their ability, communicate effectively and complete work as required. Employee engagement occurs when employees are committed to the goals and values of the business organization and is reflected in their enthusiasm and positive relationships with customers and peers.
