Emotions and Motivation

Question 1

What are emotions?

Answer 1

Mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of experiences

Question 2

What is the Discrete Emotions Theory?

Answer 2

Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, and 7 primary emotions combine into secondary emotions

Question 3

How might primary emotions be distinguished?

Answer 3

By physiological elements like heart rate or digestive system speed

Question 4

How can we distinguish between real and fake emotions?

Answer 4

Voluntary and involuntary expressions involve different muscles

Question 5

What does the Facial Feedback Hypothesis suggest?

Answer 5

Blood vessels in the face feed back information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions - facial expressions influence emotion

Question 6

What is nonverbal leakage?

Answer 6

The unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour, e.g., eyes rolling when trying to hide frustration or anger

Question 7

How can body language be used to express/communicate emotion?

Answer 7

Posture unconsciously expresses this, hand gestures also depict emotion without speaking

Question 8

What is motivation about?

Answer 8

Our drives - especially wants and needs

Question 9

What are the two most powerful motivators?

Answer 9

Food and sex

Question 10

What do incentive theories propose?

Answer 10

We are often motivated by positive goals

Question 11

What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs suggest?

Answer 11

Some of our needs are needed to fulfill others - not all needs are equal and some take precedence over others

Question 12

What are the 5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 12

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Social
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization

Question 13

Which part of the brain regulates hunger, energy, and metabolism?

Answer 13

Hypothalamus

Question 14

What is obesity?

Answer 14

A multifactorial, complex chronic health condition that involves an excessive amount of body fat

Question 15

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 15

An eating disorder that results in individuals to engage in binge eating followed by purging, the most common eating disorder

Question 16

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 16

An eating disorder that is characterized by excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight

Question 17

What is positive psychology?

Answer 17

Subfield that has sought to emphasize human strengths

Question 18

What does the Broaden and Build Theory of happiness claim?

Answer 18

Happiness predisposes us to think more openly, so we can see the “big picture”

Question 19

What is the name of the cognitive strategy for anticipating failure and mentally over-preparing for them as compensation?

Answer 19

Defensive pessimism

Question 20

We often try to predict our future emotional states. What is this called?

Answer 20

Affective forecasting

Question 21

What is durability bias?

Answer 21

The belief that good and bad moods last longer than they do

Question 22

What does the James-Lange theory of emotion describe?

Answer 22

Emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Question 23

What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion claim?

Answer 23

An emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction

Question 24

What does Damasio’s somatic marker theory suggest?

Answer 24

We use our “gut reactions” to gauge how we should act

Question 25

What does Schachter’s Two-Factor theory of emotion claim?

Answer 25

Our experience of emotions is determined by the intensity of our arousal and our cognitive perception of what to feel (Emotion = arousal + cognition)