Emotions and Motivation Flashcards
What are emotions?
Mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of experiences
What is the Discrete Emotions Theory?
Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, and 7 primary emotions combine into secondary emotions
How might primary emotions be distinguished?
By physiological elements like heart rate or digestive system speed
How can we distinguish between real and fake emotions?
Voluntary and involuntary expressions involve different muscles
What does the Facial Feedback Hypothesis suggest?
Blood vessels in the face feed back information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions - facial expressions influence emotion
What is nonverbal leakage?
The unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour, e.g., eyes rolling when trying to hide frustration or anger
How can body language be used to express/communicate emotion?
Posture unconsciously expresses this, hand gestures also depict emotion without speaking
What is motivation about?
Our drives - especially wants and needs
What are the two most powerful motivators?
Food and sex
What do incentive theories propose?
We are often motivated by positive goals
What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs suggest?
Some of our needs are needed to fulfill others - not all needs are equal and some take precedence over others
What are the 5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
- Physiological
- Safety
- Social
- Esteem
- Self-Actualization
Which part of the brain regulates hunger, energy, and metabolism?
Hypothalamus
What is obesity?
A multifactorial, complex chronic health condition that involves an excessive amount of body fat
What is bulimia nervosa?
An eating disorder that results in individuals to engage in binge eating followed by purging, the most common eating disorder
What is anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder that is characterized by excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight
What is positive psychology?
Subfield that has sought to emphasize human strengths
What does the Broaden and Build Theory of happiness claim?
Happiness predisposes us to think more openly, so we can see the “big picture”
What is the name of the cognitive strategy for anticipating failure and mentally over-preparing for them as compensation?
Defensive pessimism
We often try to predict our future emotional states. What is this called?
Affective forecasting
What is durability bias?
The belief that good and bad moods last longer than they do
What does the James-Lange theory of emotion describe?
Emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion claim?
An emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction
What does Damasio’s somatic marker theory suggest?
We use our “gut reactions” to gauge how we should act
