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emotions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phineas Gage received damage on …

A

medial prefrontal lobes

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2
Q

Darwin’s Theory of the Evolution of Emotional Expression

A
  • Expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do
  • If emotional signals are beneficial, they will evolve to more effectively communicate and may lose their original meaning
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3
Q

Threat displays are beneficial because

A

they intimidate victims without the costs and risks of fighting

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4
Q

Common sense view

A

Stimulus triggers emotion which triggers physiological reaction

stimulus->emotion->physiological reaction

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5
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response which triggers emotion

Autonomic/skeletal response necessary for emotion

simulus–>physical response/autonomic–>emotion

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6
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response and emotion

they are independent of each other

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7
Q

Modern Biopsychological View

A

Stimulus, emotion and physiological reaction all interrelated.

all of these things interact
all of these things effect each other and their perception

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8
Q

Cutting off cerebral cortex of cats results in

A

mad raging cats! due to hypothalamus being cut a little bit and damaged

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9
Q

complete removal in hypothalamus results in…

A

no shame rage

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10
Q

the role of hypothalamus on aggression

A

important for aggressive responses

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11
Q

Role of cortex on aggresion

A

cortex directs the aggression

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12
Q

Limbic System Theory of Emotion

A

emotional expression is controlled by several interconnected nuclei and tracts that surround the thalamus

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13
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome results from

A

bilateral damage to anterior temporal lobes

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14
Q

Major symtoms of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

objects into mouth, memory loss, extreme sexual behavior, placidity (flat emotion), visual distractibility

rare

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15
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for…

A

Location of sympathetic and parasympathetic

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16
Q

Control-question technique

A

Response to a target question vs. control question
Example: “Did you steal the purse?”
Success rate - 80%

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17
Q

Guilty knowledge technique

A

more accurate technique

Response to detail known by guilty

Example: “Where do you think the purse was found…in the bathroom? In the locker? In the office?”

Success rate - 88%

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18
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

smiling makes you happier; facial muscles influence emotional experience

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19
Q

Microexpressions

A

brief facial expressions reveal true feelings; may break through false ones

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20
Q

Duchenne

A

sincere and genuine

real smiles

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21
Q

Fear

A

emotional reaction to threat

22
Q

Aggressive behaviors

A

designed to threaten or harm

23
Q

Social aggression

A

unprovoked attacks on members of one’s own species to establish dominance

24
Q

Defensive behaviors

A

designed to protect from threat or harm (motivated by fear)

25
Q

Colony-intruder model of aggression

A

aggression and defense in rats

Study interaction between alpha male of an established colony with a small male intruder

Alpha male becomes aggressive to the “intruder” rat

26
Q

Target-site concept

A

aggressive behaviors designed to attack specific sites on body, defensive to protect specific sites
Observation of cats and mice

27
Q

the effect testosterone has on social aggression in humans

A

Does not decrease with castration or increase with testosterone injections

has no effect on social aggression

Violent criminals and aggressive male athletes may have high testosterone levels, but may be result (not cause) of aggressive behavior

28
Q

the problem with testosterone is that it is…

A

hard/difficult to measure

29
Q

Fear conditioning

A

establishment of a fear response to a previously neutral stimulus

30
Q

Fear conditioning to auditory stimulus must reach

A

medial geniculate nucleus, but not necessarily auditory cortex

31
Q

medial geniculate nucleus sends information to the….

A

amygdala and the auditory cortex

32
Q

hypothalamus triggers…

A

hormones for fight or flight

33
Q

Lesions of amygdala results in….

A

stops fear conditioning

34
Q

what happens if we damage our auditory cortex?

A

we can still respond to “emergency” sound

threatening sounds

35
Q

Contextual fear conditioning

A

conditioning fear to a location

36
Q

if the hippocampus is damaged…

A

we will not develop contextual fear conditioning

bc hippocampus is involved with spatial memory

37
Q

Lateral nucleus of the amygdala is involved in…

A

the acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear;

Receives info from prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus

38
Q

Prefrontal cortex role of fear….

A

suppresses fear

39
Q

Hippocampus role of fear…

A

mediate learning about context

40
Q

when you experience an emotion or empathize with another which cortex’s are active

A

Motor and sensory cortex activate

emotions allow you to feel sensory and may have motor effect

Ex: breaking up with someone will actually show emotional pain and phys reponse (increased heart rate…sweat)

41
Q

Motor and sensory activation w/ emotion

A

embodiment of emotion

– you experience motor, autonomic, and sensory sensations associated with the emotion

42
Q

amygdala is important for the ____________ or fear

A

perception

social fear

all negative emotions

43
Q

Urbach-Wiethe disease

A

calcification of amygdala

causes loss of recognition facial expression and loss of recognition of fear

44
Q

Medial Prefrontal Lobes include…

A

orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex

45
Q

the interaction between medial prefontal lobes and amygdala

A

Interacts with amygdala when emotion is being cognitively suppressed or reappraised

essentially decreases the response of the amygdala

46
Q

Possible roles of the medial prefrontal lobes in emotion

A

Comparison of outcome and expectancy

Respond to personal choices that have resulted in loss

To predict likelihood of error

Guiding behavior based on previous outcomes

response to social rejection

47
Q

Right-hemisphere model

A

the right hemisphere is dominant for all aspects of emotion

48
Q

Valence model of emotion

A

the right hemisphere specializes in negative emotions

49
Q

when showing extraverts and neurotic pictures of emotional facial expressions…

A

When viewing happy faces - only extraverts showed high amygdala activity

When viewing fearful picture - both groups showed high amygdala activity

50
Q

principle of antithesis

A

-Opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements

bio psy (7 decks)

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