Emotional Development Flashcards
Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being
Emotion
In ** infancy**, emotions have two important roles:
- Communication with others
Through emotions, infants communicate important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear
- Behavioral organization
Emotions influence children’s social responses and adaptive behavior as they interact with others in their world
Psychologists classify the broad range of emotions in many ways, but almost all classifications designate an emotion as either:
Positive or Negative
Emotions are influenced by:
- Biological foundations
- Cognitive processes
- Person’s experiences
_____ has endowed human beings with the capacity to be emotional, but _____ and _____ provide diversity in emotional experiences
- Biological evolution
Cultural embeddedness and relationships with others
How is emotion adaptive?
- It helps individuals live more competent, enriching lives
- They can be regulated to not interfere with daily functioning and relationships
- It consists of effectively managing arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal
- It is involved in many aspects of children’s and adolescents’ development
Emotion Regulation
It involves a state of alertness or activation, which can reach levels that are too high for effective functioning.
Ex: Anger often requires regulation.
Arousal
In infancy and early childhood, regulation of emotion gradually shifts from _____ to _____.
External sources to self-initiated, internal sources
Emotion-coaching vs Emotion-dismissing
EMOTION COACHING
Parents monitor their children’s emotions, view their children’s negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, assist them in labeling emotions, and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions
EMOTION DISMISSING
Parents view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions.
- Emotions that are present in humans and other animals
- Emerge early in life, and are culturally universal;
Joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust
Primary Emotions
Emotions that require consciousness and a sense of “me”;
Empathy, jealousy, embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt
Self-conscious emotions
When do self-conscious emotions emerge?
Most appear at some point after 18 months of age when a sense of self becomes consolidated in toddlers
Researchers debate about how early in the infant and toddler years these self-conscious emotions first appear and what their sequence is
When do primary emotions appear?
Appear in the first 6 months of life
It is the _______ of the infant brain that makes it unlikely that emotions requiring thought can be expressed during the first year
Structural immaturity
How are emotional interactions between infants and caregivers mutually regulated and reciprocal?
- The ability of infants to communicate emotions permits coordinated interactions with their caregivers and the beginning of an emotional bond between them
- Infants also modify their emotional expressions in response to their parents’ emotional expressions, and vice versa
Babies’ first forms of emotional communication:
- Crying
Crying is the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating with their world.
- Smiling
Smiling is critical as a means of developing a new social skill and is a key social signal
A rhythmic pattern that usually consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter high pitched inspiratory whistle, then another brief rest before the next cry.
Basic Cry
Usually incited because of hunger
- A variation of the basic cry in which more excess air is forced through the vocal cords
- Loud and harsh; like shouting
Anger cry
