Emotion regulation Flashcards
Interactions between what give rise to emotions (short-lived feeling states that occur in response to events)?
Person and the environment
According to Beedie et al.’s (2006) meta-analysis of 16 studies, what is successful performance associated with?
Lower tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion scores and higher vigor scores on the POMS questionnaire
Define emotion regulation
The automatic or deliberate use of strategies to initiate, maintain, modify or display emotions in a given situation (Gross and Thompson, 2007)
What are the 2 approaches to emotion regulations described by Tamir (2009)?
- Hedonic - turn a negative emotion into a relatively stable, positive one
- Instrumental - temporarily initiate unpleasant emotions to upregulate specific emotions that have previously facilitated performance e.g. anger
What is situation selection?
Gross (1998). Choosing to avoid or approach an emotionally relevant situation - relates to AGT. Avoidance decreases the likelihood of experiencing an emotion whereas approach increases the likelihood of experiencing an emotion.
What are the 2 emotion regulation techniques (Gross and John, 2003) ?
- Cognitive reappraisal - thinking about a situation in order to change its emotional impact
- Expressive suppression - suppressing feelings in order to reduce the likelihood of expressing the undesired emotion
Why is expressive suppression seen as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy?
Aldao et al.’s (2010) meta-analysis found that expressive suppression was positively associated with psychological disorders.
Gross and John (2003) found that expressive suppression was negatively associated with well-being
Define Psychological Skills Training
An individually designed combination of methods selected to attain psychological skill needs (Gill, 2000).
What are the 3 stages of PST?**
- Education phase - developing understanding and importance of PST and how it can affect performance
- Acquisition phase - athletes learn how to use PST methods and how best to implement them
- Practice phase - devote time and effort to PST and complete training in both competition and practice
What did Mamassis and Doganis (2004) conclude about PST’s effects on anxiety and performance?
9 elite junior tennis players were assigned to either a 25 week/season long PST intervention group or control and completed CSAI-2 and performance appraisal at baseline and at end. PST consisted of education, goal-setting, positive thinking, ST, concentration, arousal regulation and imagery.
PST group showed significant increase in direction of somatic and cognitive anxiety and sig. increase in self confidence and appraisal of performance.
What did Sheard and Golby (2006) conclude about PST’s effects on psychological development and performance?
36 competitive swimmers took part in a 7 week PST program (intro then 5 sessions on goal-setting, visualisation, relaxation, concentration and thought-stopping).
Following the program there were significant improvements in competitive times and all psychological variables bar 1.
No control group for comparison however.
What did Fletcher and Hanton (2001) conclude about PST’s effects on anxiety?
114 non-elite competitive swimmers did CSAI-2 and TOPS. Those in high psych skills groups (relaxation, self-talk and imagery) reported lower intensity and more facilitative direction of cog. and somatic anxiety and higher self-confidence.
What did Hatzigeorgiadis et al. (2009) conclude about PST’s effects on anxiety and performance?
72 tennis players. 2 groups, control and experimental, assessed at baseline for Forehand drive and CSAI-2 and following intervention (3 sessions on motivational ST).
Intervention led to sig. better forehand drive, lower cog. and somatic anxiety and better self confidence compared to control.
What theory should be drawn on for emotion regulation topic?
Individual zone of optimal functioning theory (Hanin, 2000) - inverted U relating to arousal and performance.
