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COGS 107C > Emotion and Cognition > Flashcards

Emotion and Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best kind of stimuli shown to activate the amygdala?

A

Emotionally salient stimuli

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2
Q

Which neuromodulatory system mediates amygdalar modulation of vigilance and attention to emotionally salient information?

A

Cholinergic

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3
Q

Stimulation of the ______ evokes perception of unpleasant tastes and nausea.

A

Insula

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4
Q

Describe the three parallel and interacting neural processing systems involved in emotion processing.

A

Appraisal of emotionally-salient stimulus, production of an emotion, and regulation of emotion.

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5
Q

_________ is the best description of the neural circuitry involved in the regulation of affective states.

A

The mediodorsal and ventrolateral frontal lobe system.

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6
Q

The Ventrolateral trend includes…?

A

1) The ventral parts of the cingulate cortex
2) the pregenual and subgenual cingulates
3) the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex
4) the insula
5) hypothalamus
6) amygdala
7) and ventral striatum

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7
Q

The ventromedial system is considered to be involved in…?

A

Identification of emotional significance and production of emotional states

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8
Q

What areas are referred to as the ‘affective’ division of the anterior cingulate?

A

Pregenual and subgenual cingulates

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9
Q

The Dorsal trend includes…?

A

1) Hippocampus
2) Dorsal regions of anterior cingulate
3) Dorsal areas of prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

The dorsal trend is involved with…?

A

Integration of cognitive and emotional functions.

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11
Q

Executive functions such as response selection, conflict resolution, and selective attention is governed by the _____ system.

A

Dorsal

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12
Q

The generation of an error related negativity is an event-related potential component associated with the conscious awareness of having made a mistake, and is associated with which area of the brain?

A

Dorsal anterior cingulate

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13
Q

The _______ system is involved in the representation of one’s own mental state.

A

Dorsomedial system/ the paracingulate gyrus dorsal to the genu of the corpus callosum

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14
Q

Conditions requiring self-referential thought activate the ___________________ to the _______________ cortex.

A

Paracingulate gyrus dorsal to the pregenual cingulate cortex.

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15
Q

Task demands for selective attention, novel response selection, effortful control, and error monitoring has been associated with greater activity in the ______?

A

Ventral anterior cingulate

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16
Q

The kind of value of an objet or event that is indexed by emotions…

A

is a function of the context at the time that the emotional state is experienced.

17
Q

What is the central theme of the article “Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior”?

A

The interactions between emotion and cognition, and the neural mechanisms underlying them.

18
Q

T/F: Faces with positive or negative expressions are detected more rapidly than neutral stimuli in similar arrays.

A

True

19
Q

T/F: Targets on the same side of the array as fear-inducing stimuli are detected more slowly than targets on the other side.

A

False.

20
Q

_____________ is a way to increase the emotional value of stimuli.

A

Fear conditioning

21
Q

Enhancement of spatial attention by fear conditioned stimuli is associated with increased activity in which areas of the brain?

A

Frontoparietal attentional circuits and orbitofrontal cortex

22
Q

Alterations of neural activity by emotional content in attention tasks occur where?

A

Orbitofrontal and dorsal frontoparietal areas.

23
Q

In visual backward masking paradigms, a briefly presented target can be rendered invisible if immediately followed by a second masking stimulus. What is this called?

A

Backward Masking

24
Q

Skin conductance responses differentiation of stimuli is mediated by the…?

A

Amygdala

25
Q

Backward Masking is used to determine…?

A

Whether attention is required for an emotional response.

26
Q

What is the mechanism of PTSD and other related phobias?

A

Classical Conditioning

27
Q

Generation of autonomic emotional responses to fear conditioned stimuli are linked to what part of the brain?

A

Amygdala

28
Q

Lesions of the amygdala can result in…?

A

A reduction of fear conditioning

29
Q

Conscious knowledge of the association between emotional and conditioned neutral stimuli (no autonomic emotional response to neutral stimuli) is linked to what part of the brain?

A

Hippocampus

30
Q

Amnesiacs who have no free recall of recently studied items will show enhanced ________ memory performance for emotional items.

A

Recognition memory

31
Q

T/F: Hippocampal damage has been shown to reduce the enhancement of explicit memory for emotional stimuli.

A

False!

32
Q

T/F: Amygdala is more active during both the encoding and retrieval of emotional material (relative to encoding and retrieval of neutral material).

A

True.

33
Q

T/F: Amygdala lesions reduce the autonomic visceral aspects of emotions.

A

False!

34
Q

Experiences of pain, disgust, and anticipatory anxiety have often been associated with activation of…?

A

Insular cortex

35
Q

What rare disease leads to blunting of emotional feelings?

A

Pure autonomic failure

36
Q

Disastrous decision making such as leaving their spouses for prostitutes, is a direct result of damage to which part of the brain?

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage

37
Q

T/F: Evidence suggests that emotion is generally pitted against reason, and therefore leads to errors in decision making.

A

False!

38
Q

Nonemotional aspects of decision making have been linked to which areas of the cortex?

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.

39
Q

T/F: Representations of cognitive strategies for avoiding risky behaviors is associated with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

A

False!

COGS 107C (8 decks)

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