Addiction Flashcards
___% is the approximate lifetime prevalence of any substance abuse disorder in the US.
15%
Drug addiction/dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder with…? (1, 2, 3)
- Compulsion to seek/take drug
- Loss of control of intake
- Emergence of a negative emotional state when access is prevented
In the opponent-process theory of motivation: A-process is…?
Immediate emotional response to stimulus and exhibits tolerance
In the opponent-process theory of motivation: B-process is…?
Slower, lasts longer, and grows with repeated exposure
The definition of tolerance in regards to addiction is…?
A reduction of the reward value of a given dose over repeated exposure
Drug Dependence is related to what other two disorders?
Impulse Control and Compulsive Disorders
Describe Impulse Control Disorder.
Arousal by the idea of an impulsive act and gratification on committing it.
Describe Compulsive Control Disorder.
Anxiety and stress which can only be relived by committing the compulsive act.
Which phase comes first in drug dependence?
The impulsive phase
T/F: In the initial impulsive phase of addiction, the HPA axis is upregulated in the impulsive phase.
False!
T/F: In the later compulsive phase of addiction, use is more strongly motivated by reward in the compulsive phase.
False!
T/F: Animals and humans will readily self-administer many drugs in the nondependent state.
True!
Evidence suggests that the opoid system may also play a significant role in reward value of which two drugs?
Alcohol and heroin
What is neuroadpation?
When the brain adapts to the drug
Initial drug administration produces inscreased ______ and _____ neurotransmission.
DA and GLU
Initial drug administration produces increased neurotransmission in _______ _______.
Nucleus accumbens
Chronic drug administration…?
Reduces levels of DA and GLU during withdrawal
Decreased density of dopamine transporters in nucleus accumbens is associated with…?
Individuals who had a history of heavy prolonged use of psychostimulants but were in recovery.
What does the “dark side” of addiction involve?
The gradual recruitment of an anti-reward system
The anti-reward system of addiction correlates with…?
Irritability, emotional pain, dysphoria, and loss of motivation for natural rewards.
Which of the following is a neuropeptide elevated in association with psychological stress?
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
Increased stress-related peptides in which of the following is associated with acute drug withdrawal and anxiety systems?
Extended amygdala
Which of these is referred to as the brain stress system?
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
What are some factors contributing to the vulnerability of addiction?
- comorbid psychopathological conditions
- temperament/personality
- genetic markers that link to these
- stress and life events
