Depression Flashcards
The approximate prevalence rate in the U.S. for any mood disorder is…?
20% heh
Name some symptoms of depression.
- sad, anxious or empty feelings
- hopelessness/pessismism
- guilt, worthlessness, helplessness
- irritability/restlessness
- loss of interest in activities or hobbies
- fatigue or decreased energy
- difficulty concentrating or remembering details
- insomnia or excessive sleeping
- overeating or loss of appetite
- thoughts of suicide
What has been shown to increase neurogenesis in hippocampus in animals?
Antidepressants boo
T/F: Chronic stress upregulates brain derived neurotrophic factor from animal models of depression.
False!
Which part of the cortex is especially active in terms of depression?
The midline subgenual anterior cingulate cortex/
The subgenual anterior cingulate was likely named after the…?
Genu of the corpus callosum (anterior midline crossing of the callosum that looks like a frontal bulb on the midline views of the callosum) LOLOLOL
T/F: Stimulation of the subgenual anterior cingulate region sometimes alleviates depressive symptoms.
True! lmfao
The heritability of depression has been reported to approach ___%.
70% hehe
What is a risk factor for developing depression?
A form of genetic variation in the genes related to the seratonin transporter BAHAHAHAHA
The s allele is associated with less gray matter in which areas of the brain?
Pregenual and subgenual
In individuals with high depression risk (s-allele) for the seratonin transporter gene had lower gray matter in which structures?
The amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate
Functional connectivity between which 2 brain structures was correlated with risk factors for depression?
Amygdala and subgenual cingulate cortex
Genetic differences may result in alterations in neural connections that…?
Alter the inhibitory regulation of the amygdala by the cingulate cortex
Investigators continue to find evidence for …… for the role of serotonin transporter polymorphism.
A link to emotional sensitivity or vulnerability
