Emergency Procedures Flashcards
What is a spin?
Controlled or uncontrolled maneuver where the aircraft descends in a helical path which flying at an AOA greater than critical AOA.
Result from aggravated stalls in slip or skid
If stall doesn’t occur, spin cannot occur
In a stall one wing usually drops first and the nose will yaw in direction on low wing
Where might an unintentional spin occur?
Engine failure on takeoff during climb out.
Cross controlled turn from base to final.
Engine failure on approach
Go around with excessive nose up trim
Go around with improper flap retraction
Spin recovery procedure?
Power to idle
Ailerons neutral
Rudder full opposite
Elevator down
After spin stops, neutralize rudder and apply back pressure to raise nose
What does an aft center of gravity do to an aircraft’s spin characteristics?
Recover becomes more difficult as CG moves aft.
What load factor is present in a spin?
Slightly above the 1G load of level flight. Because airspeed is low and the plane pivots rather than turns
What procedures should be followed concerning a partial loss of power inflight?
Maintain suitable airspeed Select landing area Cabin flow checklist -carb heat -fuel/selector -mixture -primer (in and locked) -mags
Procedure for complete engine failure on takeoff
Throttle idle Brakes Flaps up Mixture idle cut off Ignition off Master off
Procedure if engine fails immediately after takeoff?
Best glide Pick a landing site straight ahead Mixture idle cut off Fuel selector off Ignition off Flaps as required Master off
Procedure for engine failure enroute
Best glide Select base Attempt restart(time permitting) -Carb heat on -Fuel selector both -mixture rich -ignition both (if prop stopped, turn back to start) -primer in and locked
Procedure for engine failure and forced landing
Best glide Best base Attempt restart (time permitting) Transponder 7700 Transmit mayday message on 121.5 Spiral down to approach end of site Forced landing checklist
Forced landing checklist
Best glide Mixture idle cut off Fuel selector off Ignition off Flaps as required Doors unlatched Master off Touch down tail low Brake heavily
Ditching check list
Transponder 7700 Transmit May Day Secure or jettison heavy objects Landing gear up Flaps 20-30 300fpm/60KIAS Approach and land parallel to sea swells in light winds. Into wind with high wind/heavy sea Open doors Touchdown level Protect body Evacuate (open windows to equalize pressure)
What is detonation?
What might cause it?
What action should be taken?
Uncontrolled, explosive ignition of fuel/air mixture in cylinder. Causes excessive temp and pressure
Lower than recommended fuel grade High manifold pressure with low rpm High power with lean mixture Extended ground operations Steep climbs
Use proper grade fuel Cool flaps full open Enrich mixture for take off and initial climb Shallow climb angle to increase cooling Avoid high power extended steep climbs Monitor engine instruments
What is preignition?
What causes?
What actions should be taken?
When fuel/air mixture ignited prior to the normal ignition event.
Hot spots in combustion chamber
Carbon deposit on spark plug
Other damage that causes a part to heat
Use proper fuel grade
keep engine cool by operating within temp/pressure/rpm ranges
What to do if engine runs rough in heavy rain?
Induction air filter might be water saturated. Use carb heat
What to do if engine driven fuel pump fails?
Gravity flow will provide enough fuel in level or descending flight. Use auxiliary pump when climbing
What minimizes spark plug fouling?
Lean the mixture properly
Excessively rich mixture causes unburned carbon and lead deposits on spark plugs
During a XC flight the oil pressure is low but oil temp is normal, what’s the problem? What should you do?
Most likely not enough oil
Possibly a clogged valve or gauge malfunction. Land at nearest airport.
Loss of oil pressure and rising oil temp indicates what?
Oil required for cooling is gone and engine failure is imminent. Reduce throttle and land ASAP using minimum power to reach landing area
Engine fire on ground during start up?
Continue starting…
If it starts, increase power to higher rpm for a few moments then shut down and inspect
If it does not start, full throttle and mixture idle cut off. Continue cranking.
If fire continues… obtain fire extinguisher and assistance and master off, ignition off, fuel selector off, evacuate and fight fire
Engine fire inflight?
Mixture idle cut off Fuel selector off Master off Cabin heat and air vents off Establish 105KIAS increase descent as necessary Execute forced landing
Electrical fire in aircraft
Check all circuit breakers, if odor continues... Master off Avionics off All switched except ignition off Close all heat/air vents Use fire extinguisher
Post electrical fire procedure
Turn master on Check circuit breakers DO NOT RESET Radio switches off Avionics on Cautiously turn on radio and electrical switches with short delay after each one
Cabin fire in flight?
Master off
Close all air/heat vent
Use fire extinguisher
Land ASAP
Wing fire in flight
Nav, strobe lights off
Pitot heat off
Side slip to keep flames from fuel tank and cabin area
Describe the 3 different types of icing?
Induction Structural -clear ice (smooth solid sheet) -rime (droplets freeze before spreading) -mixed (both clear and time) Instrument