Cross Country Planning Flashcards
What is an HSI?
Horizontal situation indicator
What is DME?
Distance measuring equipment. Airborne and ground. Slant range distance in nautical miles
What is the effective range distance for DME?
Line of sight principle. Reliable signals up to 199NM at line of sight altitude. Better than .5 mile accuracy or 3% of distance, whichever is greater
Describe GPS
Global Positioning System
Satellite based radio navigation. The receiver trackers multiple satellites
Can handheld GPS receivers and GPS systems certified for VFR operations be used for IFR operations?
No…
No raim alerting capability (loss of required number of satellites in view)
Database currency
Antenna location
Can only be used for situational awareness
What preflight for an IFR flight using GPS must be done?
GPS properly installed and certified
Navigation database current
GPS and WAAS notams
GPS raim availability
Operational status of ground based NAVAIDS
How often must the navigation database be updated?
Every 28 days
Methods for checking VOR equipment?
VOT +\-4 Ground check +\-4 Airborne check +\-6 Dual VOR 4• between each other Select radial over know ground point +\-6
What records should be kept concerning VOR checks
Each person enters date,place, bearing error, signature
Where can you find the location of the nearest VOT testing station?
Airport facility directory
How do you check the course sensitivity on a VOR receiver?
Record number of degrees of change in course selected as you rotate the OBS to move the CDI from center to last dot. Should not exceed 10 or 12 either side
How can you determine if a VOR is out of service?
Removal of identification
Describe NDB/ADF nav system
Non directional radio beacon (NDB) is a ground based radio transmitter which transmits in all directions. The automatic direction finder (ADF) when used with an NDB determines bearing from the aircraft to the NDB station.
If a diversion is necessary, what procedure should be used?
Consider distance to all alternates
Select most appropriate
Determine magnetic course and divert immediately
Wind correction, actual distance, and estimated time/fuel can be computed enroute
How to enter/depart airports with no tower.
Enter Midfield downwind at pattern altitude.
Depart straight out or 45 degree turn in pattern direction
Monitor and communicate on CTAF from 10 miles to landing and from start up to 10 miles out.
A large or turbine aircraft must enter class D at what altitude?
1,500 AGL
Both transmitter and receiver are inop. How do you land at controlled airport?
Remain outside or above class D surface area
Determine direction and flow of traffic
Join traffic pattern and wait for light gun
Daytime, acknowledge by rocking wings. Night, acknowledge by flashing landing light
When conducting flight operations into an airport with operating control tower, when should initial contact be made?
15 miles out Establish and maintain 2way radio contact with tower in class B, C, and D
What communication procedures are recommended when departing class D airport?
Best practice is to remain on frequency with tower until advised otherwise or you exit the airspace
What happens to the airspace of a class D airport when the tower ceased operations?
Airspace becomes class E or combination of class E to 700 then G to surface. Check A/FD for specifics
Why would an airport’s rotating beacon be on during daylight hours?
Indicated ground visibility is less than 3 miles and ceiling less than 1,000 ft. Not a regulatory requirement. Flight plan properly
Describe various runway markings?
Runway designator Runway centerline marking Runway aiming point markers Runway touchdown zone markers Runway side stripe markings Runway shoulder markings Runway threshold markings
Runway designators: runway number is the whole number nearest 1/10th the azimuth of the centerline of the runway measured clockwise from magnetic north
Runway centerline marking- center of runway, provides alignment guidance
Runway aiming point markings- 1000ft from runway threshold, large white rectangles
Runway touchdown zone markers- provide distance info in 500 ft increments, groups of 1,2,and 3 arranged in pairs about the centerline
Runway side stripe markings- continuous white strip on each side of runway marking the edge
Runway should marking- supplement to side stripes, painted yellow
Runway threshold markings- identifies beginning or runway available for landing. Either 8 stripes on either side of centerline or number of stripes relates to runway width
Color difference between taxiway direction signs and taxiway location signs
Taxiway direction- yellow sign with black inscription
Taxiway location- black sign with yellow inscription
6 types of signs on airports
Mandatory instruction- red back, white inscription. Hazard areas
Location- black back, yellow inscription (taxiway or runway)
Direction- yellow back, black inscription
Destination- yellow back, black inscription
Information- yellow back, black inscription
Runway distance remaining- black back, white numbers, distance in 1,000s ft
What is LAHSO?
Land and hold short operations
Controller may clear a pilot to land and hold short of an intersecting runway or taxiway. Up to PIC to determine if they can land and hold short safely or not.
Where can available landing distance be found?
A/FD or ask controller
What visual aids help a pilot in determining where to hold short during LAHSO procedures?
Yellow hold short markings
Red/white signage
Sometimes In pavement lighting
Describe a displaced threshold
Threshold located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway
Describe tri-color VASI system
Amber-above
Green- on
Red- below
The glidepath
What is PVASI?
Pulsating VASI
Pulsating white-above
Steady white- on
Steady red- slightly below
Pulsating red- well below
The gladepath
What Information should your preflight for taxi operations include?
Signs, markings, lighting
Planned taxi route
Hot spots
NOTAMS
Include taxi in preflight briefing
Plan for complex times like intersections and runway crossings
Complete as many checklists as possible prior to taxiing
What is a “hot spot”?
Safety related problem area or intersection. Be vigilant
Why is “sterile cockpit” important for taxi ops?
You must be focused, keep no on essential conversation to a minimum, brief pax on importance
Recommended practices for maintaining situational awareness during taxi?
Have airport diagram out Monitor ATC instruction to others Focus outside cockpit Visually check for conflicting traffic at intersections Verbalize “clear right clear left” Be alert for similar call signs If in doubt..:ASK!
How should you use exterior lights for surface operations?
Beacon on if engine is running Taxi, nav, pos light prior to taxi All exterior lights when crossing a runway Entering runway, all but TO/LDG Cleared for takeoff- ALL
When taxiing at non towered airports, what should you do prior to entering or crossing runway?
Listen on CTAF
Scan full length of runway incl app/dep paths
Self announce position and intent
Can a commercial pilot allow pax on board with alcohol with purpose of consumption?
No, but there’s no reg, except they can’t be drunk. So yes but no bc it’s not smart.
No one can act as crew member with BAC of…
0.04% or more
When are PEDs not allowed?
Aircraft operates by holder of air carrier operator certificate
Any other aircraft operating IFR
Exception to PED rule?
Portable voice recorders Hearing aids Pace maker Electric shavers Any other devices that the operator determines will not interfere with nav/com system
Required preflight for any flights leaving vicinity of departure airport.
Weather Known ATC delays Runway lengths of intended use Alternates Fuel requirements TOLD data