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NERC RC TEST > Emergency Operations > Flashcards

Emergency Operations Flashcards

1
Q

What EEA level has All available generation resources in use but there may be concern?

A

EEA 1

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2
Q

What EEA Level has load management procedures in effect & operating reserves may be in danger?

A

EEA 2

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3
Q

What EEA level occurs when load shed may be imminent or in progress?

A

EEA 3

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4
Q

How long is the Contingency Event Recovery Period?

A

15 Minutes

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5
Q

How long is the Contingency Reserve Recovery Period?

A

90 Minutes

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6
Q

How long must a BA have to deliver FRO from the start of an event?

A

52 Seconds

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7
Q

How long from the beginning of an event does a BA have to notify RC if they are unable to calculate ACE?

A

45 minutes (must be 30 consecutive minutes not able to calculate)

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8
Q

How often does a BA, TOP & RC need to test Alternative Interpersonal Communications Capability? If test fails, how long to initiate contingency action or repair?

A

Monthly test, 2 hours to take action or repair

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9
Q

How long does a BA TOP & RC have to notify entities of a Interpersonal Communication Capability that lasts longer than 30 minutes?

A

less than 60 minutes

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10
Q

How long does each entity have to report disturbances per their operating plan?

A

24 hours or by close of next business day

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11
Q

How often are Black Start Resources (BSR) tested?

A

Every 3 years

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12
Q

How long do you have to transition from Primary Control Center to Backup Control Center?

A

< 2 Hours

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13
Q

If RC receives Emergency Notification from TOP or BA, how long do they have to notify other BAs/TOPS in area / or neighboring RCs?

A

30 minutes

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14
Q

During EEA 1 & 2, BA must give updates to RC how often?

A

Every Hour

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15
Q

How often shall RCs, BAs & TOPs test their primary control center’s key data exchange capabilities?

A

90 days

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16
Q

If Key Redundant Data Exchange fails, how long does an RC have to initiate action to restore redundant functionality?

A

Within 2 Hours

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17
Q

How often shall RCs & TOPs ensure Real Time Assessments performed?

A

Every 30 minutes

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18
Q

What organization issues Geo-Magnetic Activity alerts?

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

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19
Q

Reactive resources shall be dispersed and located _____ so that they can be applied effectively and quickly when contingencies occur.

  • electrically
  • geographically
  • sparingly
  • externally
A

Electrically

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20
Q

Your system has experienced a system shutdown and you are in the process of restoring your system. A generator in a particular area of your system is pushing MVAR out to the system. As you restore another transmission line, without restoring additional load, what would be the expected impact on the generator during the line restoration?

  • MW output increases
  • MVAR output decreases
  • MW & MVAR stay the same
  • MVAR output increases to maximum
A

MVAR output decreases

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21
Q

Which of the following must a TOP ensure the availability and location of within its area to meet the needs of the restoration plan?

  • Reactive reserves
  • Sufficient generation
  • Black Start capability
  • Transmission paths
A

Black Start capability

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22
Q

How often is the Reliability Coordinator required to perform a real-time assessment of the system?

A

30 minutes

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23
Q

Load reduction plans have to be able to be implemented in what time frame?

A

30 minutes

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24
Q

During a restoration effort that involves the restoration of islands, load restoration pick-ups should not exceed what percentage of synchronized generation capacity?

A

5%

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25
Q

What is the threshold for having to report a loss of firm load that last more than 15 minutes?

A

10% of previous year peak generation

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26
Q

If a system operator identifies that its Contingency Analysis program has stopped working, which of the following actions should they take?

  • Request Operations Support personnel to run system studies
  • Ask their neighboring systems to run studies for them
  • Swap to all RTU backup communications channels
  • Immediately call in additional personnel to man the backup control facility
A

Request Operations Support personnel to run systems studies

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27
Q

GMD activity can impact transformers in a multitude of ways, a means for monitoring the transformer for impacts of GMD include which of the following?

  • Change in noise from transformer
  • Change in oil viscosity
  • Decrease in transformer oil temperature
  • Decrease in transformer nitrogen pressure
A

Change in noise from transformer

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28
Q

What is the threshold for when GMD alerts are supposed to be disseminated to system personnel?

A

K-5

29
Q

What type of relay would typically be used to protect wye transformers from the impacts of GMDs?

  • Differential
  • Sych Check
  • Transformer neutral reverse current
  • Sudden pressure
A

Transformer neutral reverse current

30
Q

Emergency plans for BA & TOP should include all of the following EXCEPT which of the following?

  • Time Limits for mitigation
  • Controlling actions to resolve emergency
  • Staffing levels during emergencies
  • Communication protocols
A
  • Time limits for mitigation
31
Q

According to NERC’s restoration Training document, if synchronization is required during a system restoration, the synchronization should occur at:

  • Generating stations only
  • Pre-planned locations
  • Any bus on the system
  • Transmission facilities only
A

Pre-planned locations

32
Q

What interval are RCs, TOPs, & BAs required to prove their backup functionality?

A

Annually

33
Q

A Balancing Authority or LSE that requests an EEA 3 must complete an EEA 3 report and submit it to the reliability coordinator within how many days?

A

2 business days

34
Q

Emergency voltage levels are generally what range of nominal?

A

+ or – 10%

35
Q

Why could subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and harmonics be a larger concern during restoration?

A

In a smaller, less robust system, there are fewer damping effects for SSR. (normally, the size of the power system “quenches” the magnitude of any SSR).

36
Q

If you have an uncontrolled loss of ______MW of firm load for ≥ 15 min from a single incident, you must report it to NERC within 24 hours (or end of next business day).

A

≥ 300 MW for entities with previous year’s peak demand ≥ 3,000 MW
OR
≥ 200 MW for all other entities

37
Q

Firm load shedding of ______MW or more requires a report to NERC within 24 hours.

A

≥100 MW

38
Q

If you have a voltage deviation =/> 10% of nominal voltage sustained for ≥ 15 continuous minutes, how long do you have to report it via a EOP-004-4 Attachment 2 form or a DOE-OE-417 form?

A

24 hours or by the end of the next business day

39
Q

Voltage levels are usually kept within what range of nominal?

A

+ or – 5%

40
Q

What is a BES Overload Protection (IEEE 21 or 51 Relays) generally set to?

A

150% of maximum rating of protected equipment

41
Q

T/F: You must declare EEA1 before declaring EEA2 or EEA3

A

False. Although you should normally go in order, you can skip 1 or 2 if need be if a situation deteriorates that quickly. e.g. several consecutive trips may exhaust all of your reserve, and you may go straight to the need for load shed!

42
Q

Non-firm energy sales are curtailed in which EEA level?

A

EEA1

43
Q

When is “Demand Side Management” accomplished?

A

EEA2, when Load Management procedures are in effect

44
Q

List some actions that would take place in EEA2

A

Using Interruptible Load, requesting voltage reduction on the DIRSTRIBUTION level, ask a neighbor BA for assistance.

45
Q

How often must a TOP verify a restoration plan through analysis of events or simulation?

A

5 years

46
Q

A GO must notify the TOP of issues with a blackstart resource within what timeframe?

A

24 hours

47
Q

How often must an RC do restorations drills or simulations?

A

2 times a year

48
Q

How often should an RC request that TOPs and GOPs participate in their restoration drills?

A

Every 2 years

49
Q

Why are you concerned with high voltages during system restoration?

A

Lightly loaded conditions, lines below SIL, Ferranti rise => All lead to high voltages

50
Q

Which of the following types of MW load most impacted by intentional voltage reduction?

  • Resistive
  • Inductive
  • Capacitive
  • Motor
A

Resistive

51
Q

When is an eTag NOT required before the start of flow across tie lines?
A. During EEA conditions
B. To replenish operating reserves
C. Both A and C
D. NERC always required eTag confirmation before any tie line flows.

A

C. Both A and C

52
Q

True/False: UFLS and UVLS are IROLs if utilized?

A

TRUE

53
Q

You MSSC occurs immediately followed by several other large generator sympathy trips. Your remaining operating reserves are at EEA levels. What is the most appropriate immediate action.
A. Implement transmission voltage reduction.
B. Request emergency energy from your neighbor
C. Order the startup of a coal plant
D. Institute remedial action schemes

A

B. Request emergency energy from your neighbor

54
Q

Your Control Area is made up of mainly generation in the western region and a large concentration of load with minimal generation in the eastern region. A transmission flowgate is used to connect the two regions. A remedial action scheme was developed for these lines which connect the two regions. It is designed to prevent acceleration/deceleration between the two ends of the power system. Pick the best description of how this SPS should operate:
A. Trip generation in the west and load in the east given a loss of all or part of the transmission path
B. Trip generation in the east and load in the west given a loss of all or part of the transmission path
C. Given the loss of any part of the transmission path, transfer trip the remaining lines in the path
D. Given the loss of all or part of the transmission system, trip load and generation in both the west and east systems

A

A. Trip generation in the west and load in the east given a loss of all or part of the transmission path

55
Q

If a station’s auxiliary trips offline, what is likely to be the impact?
A. Telemetry will be suspect in SCADA
B. Gen 1 could trip
C. No effect on the rest of the station due to redundancy requirements.
D. Line C will trip as it’s electrically close to Breaker 6.

A

B. Gen 1 could trip
“Aux Loads” usually refers to a generator’s power plant equipment (like feed pumps). Loss of such a pump could trip a unit (or cause a runback). Usually aux loads will come off the output of the generator, but schematically it could look like this.
Even if E fed the RTU, it would have a battery backup.

56
Q

When connecting two islands during a restoration condition, what is the best practice of the following options?
A. Parallel the islands via SCADA with the synchroscope needle moving slow in the fast direction.
B. Parallel the islands via SCADA with the synchroscope needle at the 12 o’clock position and not moving or barely moving either direction.
C. Parallel the islands locally with the synchroscope needle at the 12 o’clock position and not moving or barely moving either direction.
D. Parallel the islands locally with the synchroscope needle moving slow in the fast direction.

A

C. Parallel the islands locally with the synchroscope needle at the 12 o’clock position and not moving or barely moving either direction.

57
Q

A key transmission line trips and locks out. One area of your system sees a local voltage less than .9 p.u.. You are forced to shed load in that area to alleviate the low voltage. What is your next step?
A. Fill out the NERC form DOE-OE-417 (EOP-004).
B. Inform all affected neighboring or internal entities.
C. Run a day-ahead study.
D. Inform your company’s media department.

A

B. Inform all affected neighboring or internal entities.

58
Q 
You have a constant negative ACE.  All available generation is online and at max output.  All tie lines are at their maximum import level. What should you do?
A.	Schedule more imports
B.	Shed load
C.	Raise voltage setpoints
D.	Make a hotline call
A

B. Shed load

59
Q

The single tie line to a neighboring balancing authority trips. It has several schedules of export to them. What action do you take first?
A. Curtail the schedule
B. Shed the appropriate amount of load
C. Contact the RC to inform them of the trip
D. Arrange for alternate energy to be sent to the Balancing Authority

A

A. Curtail the schedule
If there’s a schedule on a tie and it trips, that eTag should be curtailed. The PSE may want to arrange a new tag, but it will be a new tag. If the BA really needs the energy, they will request more energy over another tie.

60
Q 
Frequency in your interconnection is declining steadily.  You are sending energy out through your few remaining tie lines which are now overloaded.  What do you do?
A.	Shed load
B.	Increase generation
C.	Open the remaining tie lines
D.	Request an RC hotline call
A

C. Open the remaining tie lines
Since you’re sending energy out on all remaining tie lines, it means you’re area has sufficient generation. By islanding, you protect your area from crashing with potentially the rest of the interconnection. Protecting your area comes first. The same is true in restoration. You should only tie to another island if it’s mutually beneficial.

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT a consideration or action that should be taken when starting system restoration from a blackout?
A. Put all tap changer transformers (ULTCs) in manual
B. Ensure all generators’ AVRs are in manual
C. Use lower voltage lines in a cranking path
D. Put the blackstart generator in isochronous control

A

A. Put all tap changer transformers (ULTCs) in manual

62
Q

You’re in EEA1. Which of the following is NOT a factor you might consider in determining whether or not your BA’s condition will continue to improve or deteriorate?
A. Load ramp
B. Renewable energy trends obviously this factors into your operating reserves
C. Time of Day Time of day, weather, and temperature all factor into load ramp
D. Voltage profile

A

D. Voltage profile

63
Q

A study indicates that later in the day your BA will experience a generation capacity shortage around peak load. What is your first action in response to the study?
A. Shed load
B. Implement voltage reduction on the distribution system
C. Inform all affected and neighboring areas
D. Schedule emergency energy

A

C. Inform all affected and neighboring areas

You wouldn’t do any of the other actions until you were in EEA.

64
Q

A large system disturbance has left your system with several islands. What is not a major step you are immediately concerned about?
A. Establish frequency control in each island
B. Set up multiple paths for synchronization
C. Recognizing island boundaries
D. Preventing additional cascading or separation

A

B. Set up multiple paths for synchronization
First you need to make sure your islands don’t crash. This includes recognizing where your islands’ boundaries actually are, establishing how each island will maintain frequency (probably with an isochronous generator in each island), and making sure each island is stable. You won’t worry about synchronizing your islands until BOTH are stable and BOTH will benefit from synchronizing.

65
Q

You’re an RC, and you receive information from the Space Weather Prediction Center and NOAA that a solar flare has occurred which will result in a K-8 GMD. What is your first action?
A. Disseminate the information to Transmission Operators
B. Instruct Transmission Operators to take high voltage ULTCs out of service
C. Disseminate the information to Balancing Authorities
D. Instruct Balancing Authorities to immediately cancel Time Error Corrections

A

A. Disseminate the information to Transmission Operators
Although everyone will need to know. The standards have you tell TOPs first, as their transmission system will be the most effected.

66
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way that geomagnetically-induced currents may impact the reliable operation of the interconnected transmission system?
A. Hot-spot heating or damage
B. Loss of Reactive Power sources
C. Protection System Misoperation
D. Increased MW demand on capacitive loads

A

D. Increased MW demand on capacitive loads
GICs can also cause increased Reactive Power Demand. Remember, GICs are DC currents that flow through the BES because transmission lines have less impedance than the earth. GICs sneak into the BES through the grounded neutrals of transformers (specifically power transformers with a high side wye-grounded winding with terminal voltage greater than 200kv per EOP-010-1)

67
Q

How can you keep a generator’s AVR dynamic during restoration?
A. Switch in a reactor
B. Switch in a capacitor
C. Put tap changers into automatic mode
D. Remove lower voltage lines from service

A

A. Switch in a reactor

To unload it from absorbing Mvars. Only one that makes sense

68
Q 
A given BA has 3 1000MW units and 3 500MW units for a total of 4500MW.  How much contingency reserve must they have?
A.	4500 MW
B.	1000 MW
C.	500 MW
D.	2000 MW
A

B. 1000 MW

1000mw is the MSSC

NERC RC TEST (13 decks)

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