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CFI (800) > Emergency Operations > Flashcards

Emergency Operations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a forced landing?

A

Immediate landing, on or off airport, necessitated by the inability to continue further flight

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2
Q

What is a precautionary landing?

A

Premeditated landing, on or off airport, when further flight is possible but not advisable

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3
Q

What is ditching?

A

Forced or precautionary landing on water

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4
Q

What are the purposes of teaching simulated emergency approaches and landings?

A

Instill knowledge that almost any terrain can be considered suitable for survivable crash
Teach pilot how to use airplane structure for self-protection and protection of passengers

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5
Q

What standards are expected of students in performing emergency approaches and landings?

A

Analyzes situation and selects appropriate course of action
Establishes/maintains best glide speed +/-10kts
Selects suitable landing area
Plans flight to area considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions
Prepares for landing or go-around
Completes appropriate checklists

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6
Q

What are some common student errors in performing simulated emergency approaches and landings?

A

Improper airspeed control
Poor judgment in selection of landing area
Failure to approximate wind speed and direction
Failure to fly most suitable pattern for situation
Failure to accomplish emergency checklist
Under/overshooting selected landing area

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7
Q

What are the various types of simulated system and equipment malfunctions CFIs should teach?

A 
Smoke/fire during ground operations
Rough running engine/partial power loss
Loss of oil pressure
Fuel starvation
Engine overheat
Pitot-static/vacuum system malfunction
Hydraulic malfunction
Electrical malfunction
Carburetor, induction, structural icing
Door/window opening in flight
Inoperative/runaway trim
Landing gear/flap malfunction
Pressurization malfunction
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8
Q

What are the purposes of teaching simulated system and equipment malfunctions?

A

Develop student’s ability to detect, analyze, and apply appropriate procedure for a given system/equipment malfunction
Familiarize student with procedures in POH

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9
Q

What are some common student errors in the practice of system and equipment malfunction procedures?

A

Failure to recognize/detect the malfunction
Inadequate knowledge of aircraft systems/equipment
Failure to accomplish appropriate checklist/procedure

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10
Q

What are the standards for student knowledge about emergency equipment/survival gear?

A

Exhibit knowledge of equipment/survival gear appropriate to airplane and flight environment
Identify appropriate equipment that should be on board

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11
Q

Describe an emergency descent procedure.

A

Maneuver for descending as rapidly as possible to a lower altitude, or the ground, for an emergency landing

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12
Q

What are some conditions that would necessitate the use of an emergency descent?

A

Uncontrollable fire

Sudden loss of cabin pressurization

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13
Q

What are the steps for performing an emergency descent?

A

Clear area for traffic (especially below), select suitable landing area
Radio call announcing descent intentions
Establish 30-45 bank to maintain positive load factors
Power to idle, prop to high RPM to assist in aerodynamic braking
Extend gear and flaps as recommended to maximize drag
Va is preferable, but do not exceed Vfe, Vle, or Vne
Periodically clear engine
Recover at altitude high enough to permit emergency landing or return to straight and level flight

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14
Q

In the case of an emergency descent necessitated by an engine fire, what are some considerations with respect to airspeed?

A

Descent at higher airspeeds might help extinguish fire, but might also impose excessive stress on airframe

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15
Q

What are some common student errors in performing an emergency descent?

A

Failure to identify reason for performing emergency descent
Improper use of prescribed emergency checklist
Failure to clear the area before initiating procedure
Improper recovery procedures

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16
Q

What standards are expected of students in performing emergency descents?

A

Recognizes situations that require emergency descent
Establishes appropriate airspeed +/-10kts and configuration
Exhibits orientation, division of attention, proper planning
Maintains positive load factors during descent
Levels off at appropriate altitude +/-100’
Completes appropriate checklists

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17
Q

What procedures should be followed if partial power loss in flight is experienced?

A 
Check carburetor heat
Check fuel quantities/switch tanks
Check fuel selector valve
Check mixture control
Check that primer is in and locked
Check magnetos
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18
Q

What procedures should be followed if complete engine failure occurs during the takeoff roll?

A 
Throttle to idle
Apply brakes
Retract flaps
Mixture to idle
Ignition switch off
Master switch off
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19
Q

What procedures should be followed if an engine failure occurs immediately after takeoff?

A 
Establish recommended airspeed (Warrior-70kts)
Mixture to idle/cut-off
Fuel selector to off
Ignition switch off
Flaps as required
Master switch off
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20
Q

What procedures should be followed for an engine failure while enroute?

A

Establish best glide speed
Select suitable landing area and remain within gliding distance
If time permits, attempt restart/determine problem

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21
Q

What procedures should be completed immediately before touchdown in a forced landing?

A 
Trim for appropriate airspeed (Warrior-73kts flaps up/60kts flaps down)
Mixture to idle/cut-off
Fuel selector to off
Ignition switch off
Landing gear set (up or down, depending on terrain)
Flaps set as appropriate
Door unlatched
Master switch off
Touch down tail slightly low
Apply maximum brakes
22
Q

What procedures should be followed if an engine failure occurs over water, beyond gliding distance from shore?

A

Transponder to 7700 and broadcast “mayday”
Secure or jettison all heavy objects
Landing gear up
Flaps 25-40
300fpm descent at 60kts, if power available
Land parallel to sea swells in light winds, into wind in heavy winds
Open cabin doors prior to touchdown
Touch down in level flight attitude, protect body with life vests
Evacuate airplane after touchdown
Inflate floatation gear

23
Q

What is detonation?

A

Uncontrolled, explosive ignition of fuel/air mixture in combustion chamber

24
Q

What are some common causes of detonation?

A

Using a lower fuel grade than specified
High manifold pressure and low rpm
High power settings with an extremely lean mixture
Extended ground operations or steep climbs where cooling is reduced

25
Q

What is preignition?

A

Fuel/air mixture ignites prior to normal ignition
Caused by residual hot spot in combustion chamber
Often occurs simultaneously with detonation

26
Q

What is an operational consideration, with respect to engine performance, when flying through heavy rain?

A

Induction air filter may become water saturated, causing reduced air/enrichened mixture
Use carburetor heat as alternate induction air source

27
Q

What does it mean, and what procedures should be followed, if you experience a loss of oil pressure, but oil temperature remains normal?

A

Likely a clogged oil pressure relief valve, or oil pressure gauge malfunction
Land at nearest airport and investigate

28
Q

What does it mean, and what procedures should be followed, if you experience a loss of oil pressure and an increase in oil temperature?

A

Engine oil has been lost, and engine failure is imminent
Reduce throttle
Establish suitable landing area
Execute forced landing

29
Q

What procedures should be followed if a fire develops during engine startup?

A

Continue cranking engine
If engine starts: increase to high rpm, then shutdown
If engine does not start: throttle open, mixture to idle/cut-off, continue to crank
If fire continues: master off, ignition off, fuel selector off, extinguish with fire extinguisher

30
Q

What procedures should be followed if an engine fire develops in flight?

A 
Mixture to idle/cutoff
Fuel selector to off
Master switch off
Cabin air vents off, overhead vents on
Establish Va, and increase descent if necessary to extinguish flames
Execute forced landing
31
Q

What procedures should be followed if an electrical fire develops in flight?

A 
Check all circuit breakers and avionics
Master switch off
Avionics power switch(es) off
All switches off, except ignition switch
Close all cabin vents
Use fire extinguisher
32
Q

What procedures should be followed if a cabin fire develops in flight?

A

Master switch off
Close all cabin vents
Use fire extinguisher
Land as soon as possible

33
Q

What procedures should be followed if a wing fire develops in flight?

A

Nav lights, strobe lights, pitot heat off
Sideslip to keep flames away from fuel tanks/cabin
Land as soon as possible

34
Q

What are the 3 main types of aircraft icing?

A

Structural icing
Induction system icing
Instrument icing

35
Q

What are the 3 main types of structural icing that may occur in flight?

A

Clear ice-large drops, remaining liquid spreads out over wing
Rime ice-small droplets, usually accumulate on leading edges
Mixed ice-droplets of varying size, ice/snow, rough accumulation

36
Q

What conditions are necessary for structural icing to occur?

A

Temperature below 0*C

Presence of visible moisture

37
Q

What actions should be taken if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions?

A

Leave the area of visible moisture
Descend below/climb above clouds
Move to an area where temperature is above freezing

38
Q

How would your landing approach be different if you inadvertently encountered icing?

A 
More power than normal
Higher airspeed than normal
Expect higher stall speed than normal
Expect longer landing roll than normal
Do not use flaps
Maintain higher altitude throughout approach
Avoid a missed approach
39
Q

What causes carburetor icing?

A

Vaporization of fuel and expansion of air cause rapid reduction in temperatures inside carburetor
Water vapor in the air forms ice crystals
Most likely to occur when outside temp is 20F-70F, and humidity is high

40
Q

What are the indications that carburetor ice is present?

A

Fixed pitch propeller: loss of rpm

Constant speed propeller: drop in manifold pressure

41
Q

May an aircraft with anti-icing or de-icing equipment be flown into icing conditions?

A

Only if certified for flight into known icing

42
Q

What are the 2 types of decompression?

A

Explosive-cabin pressure decreases faster than lungs can decompress, less than 0.5 seconds, structural failure/door popping open
Rapid-lungs decompress faster than cabin, leaks/pressurization malfunction, no likelihood of lung damage

43
Q

What instrument indications would you expect to see if the pitot tube becomes blocked, but the pitot drain remains clear?

A

ASI reads 0

Altimeter and VSI read normal

44
Q

What instrument indications would you expect to see if the pitot tube and pitot drain become blocked?

A

ASI acts as an altimeter (increases in climb, decreases in descent)
Altimeter and VSI read normal

45
Q

What instrument indications would you expect to see if the static port becomes frozen?

A

ASI-accurate at the altitude where it became frozen, would read high as aircraft descends, would read low as aircraft climbs
Altimeter-would read the altitude at which the static port froze
VSI-would indicate level flight, regardless of climb or descent

46
Q

What remedies are available if you encounter freezing of the pitot tube and/or static port?

A

Pitot heat
Alternate air
Break face of VSI or ASI

47
Q

What instrument indications should you expect while using alternate air?

A

Altimeter-will indicate higher than actual altitude
ASI-will indicate greater than actual airspeed
VSI-will indicate a climb while in level flight

48
Q

Which instruments may be relied upon if you experience a vacuum system failure?

A 
Turn coordinator
Magnetic compass
ASI
Altimeter
VSI
49
Q

What actions should be taken if a positive gear down indication is not received?

A

Check master on
Check circuit breakers
Check position indicator bulbs (press to test)
Check nav light/dimmer switch
Replace burned out bulb with spare in gear transition light

50
Q

What is an asymmetrical flap emergency?

A

One flap is deployed, while the other is not

Causes pronounced roll toward the wing with the least flap deflection

51
Q

What procedures should be followed in an asymmetrical flap emergency?

A

Counter roll with aileron, yaw with rudder (crossed controls)
Approach at higher than normal airspeed
Touch down at an airspeed above flaps-up stall speed

52
Q

What procedures should be followed if you experience a loss of elevator control?

A

Extend landing gearDeploy 10* flapsTrim for level flightUse throttle and trim to establish best glide speed

CFI (800) (17 decks)

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