Emergency medication for shock, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis Flashcards
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Norepinephrine
Adverse effects
Headache, palpitations, nervousness, epigastric distress
Angina, HTN, tissue necrosis with extravasation
Norepinephrine
Nursing considerations
Vasoconstrictor to inc. BP and cardiac output. Monitor BP.
Reflex bradycardia may occur with rise in BP. Client should be attended at all times. Monitor urinary output. Infuse w dextrose solution, not saline. Protect medication from light.
Dopamine
Adverse effects
Increased ocular pressure, ectopic beats, nausea. Tachycardia, chest pain, dysrhythmias.
Dopamine
Nursing Considerations
Low dose dilates renal and coronary arteries. High dose vasoconstrictor, increases myocardial oxygen consumption. Headache is an early symptom of drug excess. Monitor BP, peripheral pulses, urinary output. Use infusion pump.
Epinephrine
Adverse Effects
Nervousness, restlessness, dizziness, local necrosis of skin
Epinephrine
Nursing considerations
Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Monitor BP. Carefully aspirate syringe before IM & SC doses; inadvertent. IV admin can be harmful. Always check strength, 1:100 only for inhalation, 1:1000 for parenteral admin (SC or IM). Ensure adequate hydration.
Isoproterenol
Adverse effects
Headache, palpitations, tachycardia, changes in BP, angina, bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema.
Isoproterenol
Nursing Considerations
Stimulates beta 1 & beta 2 adrenergic receptors
Used for Heart Block, Ventricular arrhythmias, and bradycardia. Bronchodilator used for asthma and bronchospasms. Don’t give at hs( @ bedtime)- interrupts sleep patterns. MONITOR BP, PULSE
Phenylephrine
Adverse Effects
Palpiations, Tachycardia, Hypertension, Dysrhythmia, angina, Tissue necrosis with extravasation
Phenylephrine
Nursing Considerations
Potent alpha 1 agonist
Used to treat hypotension
Dobutamine hydrochloride
Adverse Effects
Hypertension, PVCs, Asthmatic episodes, Headache
Dobutamine hydrochloride
Nursing Considerations
Stimulates beta 1 receptors. Incompatible with alkaline solutions ( sodium carbonate). Administer through central venous catheter or large peripheral vein using an infusion pump.
DON’T infuse through line with other meds (incompatible). MONITOR EKG, BP, I & O, serum potassium
Milrinone
Adverse Effects
Dysrhytmia, Thrombocytopenia, Jaundice
Milrinone
Nursing Considerations
Positive inotropic agent
Smooth muscle relaxant used to treat severe heart failure
Sodium nitroprusside
Adverse Effects
hypotension, Increased Intracranial pressure
Sodium nitroprusside
Nursing Considerations
Dilates cardiac veins and arteries. Decreases preload and afterload. Increases myocardial perfusion. Keep medication in dark after fixed. Use infusion pump.
Diphenhydramine HCl
Adverse Effects
Drowsiness, confusion, insomnia, headache, vertigo, photosensitivity
Diphenhydramine HCl
Nursing Considerations
Blocks effects of histamine on bronchioles, GI tract, and blood vessels
Emergency Medications for Shock, Cardiac Arrest, and Anaphylaxis
Actions: varies with med
Indications: Hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
Adverse effects: serious rebound effect may occur, balance between underdosing and overdosing
Nursing Considerations: Monitor vital signs, measure urine output, assess for extravasation, observe extremities for color and perfusion
