Antidiabetic Medications: Oral Hyperglycemic Medications/ Hypoglycemia Reversal Medication

Question 1

Sulfonylureas

Drugs

Answer 1

Glimipride
Glipizide
Glyburide

Question 2

Sulfonylureas

Adverse Effects

Answer 2

GI symptoms and dermatologic reactions

Question 3

Sulfonylureas

Nursing Considerations

Answer 3

Only used if some pancreas beta-cell function
Stimulates release of insulin from pancreas
Many drugs can potentiate or interfere with actions
Take with food if GI upset occurs

Question 4

Biguanides

Drugs

Answer 4

Metformin

Question 5

Biguanides

Adverse effects

Answer 5

Nausea
Diarrhea
Abdominal discomfort

Question 6

Biguanides

Nurses Consideration

Answer 6

No effect on pancreatic beta cells: decreases glucose production by liver
Not given if renal impairment
Can cause lactic acidosis
Avoid Alcohol
Do not give with alpha-glucodaise inhibitors

Question 7

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Drugs

Answer 7

Acarbose

Miglitol

Question 8

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Adverse Effects

Answer 8

Abdominal discomfort

Diarrhea Flatulence

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones

Drug

Answer 9

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

Question 10

Thiazolidinediones

Adverse Effects

Answer 10

Infection
Headache
Pain
Rare cases of liver failure

Question 11

Thiazolidinediones

Nursing Consideration

Answer 11

Decreases insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
Regularly scheduled liver function studies
Can cause resumption of ovulation in perimenopause

Question 12

Meglitinides

Drug

Answer 12

Repaglinide

Question 13

Meglitinides

Adverse effects

Answer 13

Hypoglycemia
GI disturbances
URIs
back pain
headache

Question 14

Meglitinides

Nursing considerations

Answer 14

Increases pancreatic insulin release

Medication should not be taken if meal skipped

Question 15

Gliptins

Drug

Answer 15

Sitagliptin

Question 16

Gliptins

Adverse Effects

Answer 16

Upper respiratory infections

Hypoglycemia

Question 17

Gliptins

Nursing Considerations

Answer 17

Enhances action of incretin hormones

Question 18

Incretin Mimetics

Drug

Answer 18

Exenatide

Question 19

Incretin Mimetics

Averse Effects

Answer 19

GI upset
Hypoglycemia
Pancreatitis

Question 20

Incretin Mimetics

Nursing Consideration

Answer 20

Interacts with many medications

Administer 1 hour before meal

Question 21

Indications

Answer 21

type 2 diabetes

Question 22

Nursing Considerations

Answer 22

monitor serum glucose levels
avoid alcohol
teaching for disease: dietary control, symptoms of hypoglycemia
good skin care

Question 23

Herbal Interactions

Answer 23

bee pollen, ginko biloba, glucosamine may increase blood glucose
Basil, bay leaf, chromium, echinacea, garlic, ginseng may decrease blood glucose

Question 24

Glucagon

Adverse Effects

Answer 24

nausea

vomiting

Question 25

Glucagon

Nurses Considerations

Answer 25

Given SQ or IM, onset is 8- 10 min with duration of 12- 27 min
Should be part of emergency supplies for diabetics
May repeat in 15 min if needed

Question 26

Action

Answer 26

Hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas to simulate the liver to change glycogen to glucose

Question 27

Indication

Answer 27

Acute management of severe hypoglycemia

Question 28

Adverse effects

Answer 28

Hypotension
Bronchospasm
Dizziness

Question 29

Nursing Consideration

Answer 29

May repeat in 15 minutes if needed
IV glucose must be given if client fails to respond
Arouse clients from coma as quickly as possible and give carbohydrates orally to prevent secondary hypoglycemic reactions