Antidiabetic Medications: Oral Hyperglycemic Medications/ Hypoglycemia Reversal Medication Flashcards
Sulfonylureas
Drugs
Glimipride
Glipizide
Glyburide
Sulfonylureas
Adverse Effects
GI symptoms and dermatologic reactions
Sulfonylureas
Nursing Considerations
Only used if some pancreas beta-cell function
Stimulates release of insulin from pancreas
Many drugs can potentiate or interfere with actions
Take with food if GI upset occurs
Biguanides
Drugs
Metformin
Biguanides
Adverse effects
Nausea
Diarrhea
Abdominal discomfort
Biguanides
Nurses Consideration
No effect on pancreatic beta cells: decreases glucose production by liver
Not given if renal impairment
Can cause lactic acidosis
Avoid Alcohol
Do not give with alpha-glucodaise inhibitors
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Drugs
Acarbose
Miglitol
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Adverse Effects
Abdominal discomfort
Diarrhea Flatulence
Thiazolidinediones
Drug
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones
Adverse Effects
Infection
Headache
Pain
Rare cases of liver failure
Thiazolidinediones
Nursing Consideration
Decreases insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
Regularly scheduled liver function studies
Can cause resumption of ovulation in perimenopause
Meglitinides
Drug
Repaglinide
Meglitinides
Adverse effects
Hypoglycemia GI disturbances URIs back pain headache
Meglitinides
Nursing considerations
Increases pancreatic insulin release
Medication should not be taken if meal skipped
Gliptins
Drug
Sitagliptin
Gliptins
Adverse Effects
Upper respiratory infections
Hypoglycemia
Gliptins
Nursing Considerations
Enhances action of incretin hormones
Incretin Mimetics
Drug
Exenatide
Incretin Mimetics
Averse Effects
GI upset
Hypoglycemia
Pancreatitis
Incretin Mimetics
Nursing Consideration
Interacts with many medications
Administer 1 hour before meal
Indications
type 2 diabetes
Nursing Considerations
monitor serum glucose levels
avoid alcohol
teaching for disease: dietary control, symptoms of hypoglycemia
good skin care
Herbal Interactions
bee pollen, ginko biloba, glucosamine may increase blood glucose
Basil, bay leaf, chromium, echinacea, garlic, ginseng may decrease blood glucose
Glucagon
Adverse Effects
nausea
vomiting
Glucagon
Nurses Considerations
Given SQ or IM, onset is 8- 10 min with duration of 12- 27 min
Should be part of emergency supplies for diabetics
May repeat in 15 min if needed
Action
Hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas to simulate the liver to change glycogen to glucose
Indication
Acute management of severe hypoglycemia
Adverse effects
Hypotension
Bronchospasm
Dizziness
Nursing Consideration
May repeat in 15 minutes if needed
IV glucose must be given if client fails to respond
Arouse clients from coma as quickly as possible and give carbohydrates orally to prevent secondary hypoglycemic reactions
