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Anatomy > embyro triage exam 4 > Flashcards

embyro triage exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The basal plate becomes whih horn of the spinal cord?

A

the ventral horn and the lateral horn of the spinal cord (somatic motor)

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2
Q

the alar plate becomes which horn of the spinal cord?

A

becoems the dorsal horn for sensory neuroblasts

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3
Q

dorsal root ganglia are dervid from what?

A

neural crest cells

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4
Q

what forms the dura?

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

what forms the pia and arachnoid mater?

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

what embryonic structure participates the most in the formation of the PNS?

A

neural crest cells

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7
Q

what innervates the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal : the third mandibulr branch of trigem (V3) has that little motor branch and this innervates the muscles of mastication.

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8
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication come from?

A

the first!

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9
Q

what innervates the second pharyngeal arch?

A

the facial nerve

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10
Q

what innervates the third pharyngeal arch?

A

glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

the stylopharyngues muscle is derived from which arch?

A

the third

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12
Q

what innervates the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

vagus nerve (X)

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13
Q

what innervates the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

the recurrent branch of vagus (X)

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14
Q

pharyngeal pouches are made of what

A

endoderm

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15
Q

pharyngeal grooves/clefts are made of

A

ectoderm

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16
Q

pharyngeal arches are made of

A

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

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17
Q

what does the first pharyngeal pouch make?

A

the inner ear

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18
Q

what does the 2, 3 and 4th groove form?

A

nothing! they disappear

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19
Q

what does the first pouch form?

A

inner and middle ear, eustachian tube

20
Q

what does the second pouch form?

A

the tonsilar bed , palatine tonsils

21
Q

what does the 3rd pouch form?

A

the thmus and inferior parathyoid

22
Q

what does the 4th pouch form?

A

superior parathyoid gland

23
Q

the parathyroid glands are derived from which pouches?

A

the 3rd and 4th

24
Q

The only phagyngeal membrane that gives rise to adult derivatives is:

A

first pharyngeal membrane

25
Q

A 2 day old infant male has a noticeable gap in his upper lip. The diagnosis is a cleft lip. Failure of fusion of which structures is the most likely cause of this anomaly?

A

Maxillary processes and intermaxillary segment`

26
Q

how is the primary palate formed?

A

it is formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences

27
Q

how is the secondary palate formed?

A

by the fusion of the 2 palatine shelves/ plates

28
Q

the majority of the palate develops from the

A

lateral palatine process

29
Q

As soon as he stops crying he becomes breathless and cyanotic. With tactile stimulation he cries again and cyanosis resolves, but returns every time he is quiet. What is your diagnosis?

A

The cause is the persistence of an intact oronasal membrane and lack of communication between nasal cavities and nasopharynx. Newborns are obligate nose breathers. At birth, as long as they cry, they can breath orally. When they stop crying they become breathless and cyanotic.

30
Q

The inner ear derives from:

A

ectoderm

31
Q

malleus and incus arise from

A

the 1st pharyngeal arch

32
Q

stapes arises from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

33
Q

pharyngeal grooves are made by what?

A

ectoderm

34
Q

pharyngeal puches are made by what?

A

endoderm!

35
Q

what germ layer creates the nasal placodes

A

ectoderm

36
Q

in an oblique facial cleft whats happened?

A

maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process don’t fuse

37
Q

a median cleft lip occurs when

A

the medial nasal processes fail to fuse

38
Q

when the medial nasal processes fuse what do they form?

A

the intermaxillary segment

39
Q

What happens if the intermaxillary segment and maxillary prominences do not fuse

A

cleft lip

40
Q

A 2 day old infant male has a noticeable gap in his upper lip. The diagnosis is a cleft lip. Failure of fusion of which structures is the most likely cause of this anomaly?

A

. Maxillary processes and intermaxillary segment

41
Q

primary (anterior) palate is formed how

A

formed by merging of the medial nasal prominences

42
Q

secondary (posterior) palate is forme dhow

A

fusion of the palatine (palatal) shelves (plates, processes) from the maxillary processes

43
Q

cleft palates are due to

A

result of the failure of neural crest cells to migrate/proliferate

44
Q

Anterior clefts

A

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with primary palate.

45
Q

Posterior clefts:

A

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other and with the nasal septum

46
Q

complte cleft palate is due to

A

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other, nasal septum and primary palate

Anatomy (8 decks)

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