Anatomy Exam 4 Flashcards
What does the superior tarsal plate do and what is it innervated by?
responsible for tone of the eyelid and is innervated by the sympathetic fibers traveling in the frontal nerve
action and innervation of the superior rectus
adduction upward movement, CN III oculomotor
action and innervation of the superior oblique
CN IV, trochlear N. Abduction, depression of the eye and interal rotation
Action and innervation of the inferior rectus
CN III oculomotor, adduction and depression of the eye
action and innervation of the inferior oblique
elevation of the eye, abduction, extorsion, CN III oculomotor
action and innervation of the lateral rectus
abducens CN VI, adduction
action and innervation of the medial rectus
CN III oculomotor, adbuction
action and innervation of levator palpebrae superioris
raise eyelids, CN III oculomotor
What nerve is responsible for the blink reflex
the nasociliary N from the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal
What is the sensory ganglion of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
the trigmenial ganglion
what are the branches of the nasociliary nerve
The short ciliary, long ciliary, and infratrochlear, which gives the anterior ethmoidal and posterior ethmoidal.
The infratrochlear supplies what
supplies the skin of the upper eyelids and the bridge of the nose, the conjunctiva, lacrimal sac and caruncle
What does the short ciliary nerve of the nasociiary nerve do
It pierces the sclera and is distributed to the ciliary muscle, iris and cornea. It also has parasympathetics that come from the oculomotor nerve (in the edinger westphal nucleus). They synape in the ciliary ganglion and then continue on with the short cliart to the ciliary body and iris.
what does the frontal N split in to?
the supratrochlear and the supraorbital
Through what bony opening does the facial nerve exit the cranial cavity? The base of the skull?
internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen
What muscles are supplied with motor innervation just after CN VII exits the skull?
the sylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric
What are the sensory branches of V1 on the face
the supraorbital and the supratrochear
What are the sensory branches of V2 on the face
the zygomaticofacial, infraorbital, and the zygomaticotemporal
What are the sensory branches of V3 on the face
the auriculotemporal, long buccal, and mental N
Where are the cell bodies of the somatic motor branch of CNIII stored?
the oculomotor nucleus
the ocoulomotor nucelus is located within the
midbrain
where are the cell bodies of the autonomic component of CN III located?
acessory ocuomotor/ edinger westphal nucleus
the acessory oculomotor nucleus is located in the
midbrain
Which ganglion do the parasympathetics carried on CN III from the accessory oculomotor nucleus synapse in?
the ciliary ganglion.
the targets of the postgnglionic parasympathetics leaving the ciliary ganglion in the orbit reach their targets by travelling on what nerves? what are these nerves a branch from and from which CN do these nerves come from?
short ciliary nerves, which are branches of the nasociliary nerve. Nasociliary is a branch of V1 (opthalmic) from the trigeminal nerve
What do the parasympathetics from CN III via the short ciliary nerves innervate?
the shpincor pupillae and the ciliary body which constrict the pupil and focuses the lens respectively
how does the eye get its sympathetic innervation?
fibers from T1 - T3 will synapse in the superior cervical ganglion and enter the internal carotid plexus. They then follow the short and long ciliary nerves
What are the targets of sympathetic innervation
dillator pupillae and superior tarsal
whihc nerve is the only one to arise on the dorsal side of the brain stem
the trochlear nerve
what is in the tendinous ring of the eptic nerve?
the abducens nerve and optic nerve (NOT TROCHLEAR), nasociliary
where is the origin of the trigeminal nucleus
the PONS
Where is the trigeminal ganlgion located
on the petrous ridge of the temporal bone
where is the trigeminal motor nucelus located
in the brainstem
autonomics from what nerve hitch a ride on the lacrimal nerve of V1? what type of fibers are they?
post-ganglionic parasympathetics from CN VII
Where do the post-gang fibers that travel on the lacrimanl nerve originate?
they come from the pterygopalatine ganglion
Where do the preganglionic fibers wwhich relate to the post ganglionic fibers traveing on the lacrimal nerve originate?
the superior cervical nucleus in the PONS
what is the postganglionic sympathetics action on the lacrimal gland?
vasoconstriction
Which branch of the opthalmic nerve V1 runs within the tendinous ring?
the nasociliary!
what kind of fibers does the long ciliary nerve have?
post-ganglionic sympathetic and somatic sensory
what do the fibers of the long ciliary nerve innervate / do?
the post-gang parasymp go to the dillator pupilae while the somatic sensory go to the cornea and the iris
CN V2 leaves the cranial cavity by going through what hole and once it goes through that hole what space has it entered?
the foramen rotundum –> the pterygopalatine fossa
when CNV3 exits the cranial cavity foramen ovale, into which space has it entered the
infratemporal fossa
which branch is the posterior branch of V3?
the auriculotemporal
the auriculotemporal nerve supplies sensory innervation to
the TMJ, the auricle and external meatus, and the anterior tympanic membrane
which fibers hitch a ride on auriculotemporal? and from which gangion do these come from?
postganglionic parasympathetics hitch a ride on the auriculotemporal nerve, and they arise from the otic ganglgion. They travel to the parotid gland
What nerve (and from which CN) brings the pregang. parasym. to the otic ganglion, whose postgang parasymp. fibers then travel on the auriculotemporal to the parotid?
the lesser petrosal nerve which is a branch off of CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
Sensory branches of V3 include the
long buccal branch, the lingual N and the inferior alveolar
what does the long buccal branch emerges where?
between the 2 heads of the lateral pterygoid
the long buccal nerve does sensory innervation to
skin over the cheek , buccal gingiva, and mucous membranes lining the cheek
the lingual nerve courses between what 2 muscles?
the medial and lateral pterygoid
the lingual nerve does what kind of innervation?
sensory: pain, temperature, touch to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
what hitches a ride on the lingual nerve? what type of fibers are these?
the chorda tympani from CN VII which is made of preganglionic parasympathetics
preganglionic chorda tympani fibers synapse in what ganglion?
the submandibular ganglion
what does the chorda tympani do?
taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and synapses in the submandibular ganglion to then innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands
what are the motor branches of V3? There are 7.
deep temporal N, the masseter nerve, lateral pterygoid, nerve to mylohyoid, medial pterygoid, nerve to tesnor tympani, and nerve to tensor veli palatini.
the deep temporal N innervates the
temporalis muscle
the nerve to mylohyoid supplies
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
the abducens nucelus is located in the
pons
CN VII is made of what types of fibers?
somatic motor to muscles of facial expression, somatic sensory to the external ear, pregang para symp to the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual, taste fibers from the corda tymani to the anterior 2/3
CN VII originates in the _____ from which 3 nuclei?
brain stem where there is the facial motor nucleus, the superior salivatory nucelus (parasymp) and the solitary tract nucelus (sensory)
how does the facial nerve leave the cranial cavity?
through the internal acoustic meatus
What ganglion does the facial nerve pass through directy after leaving the internal acoustic meatus?
the geniculate ganglion!
where is the geniculate ganglion located (inside what bone)
temporal bone
what innervates the posterior belly of digastric?
the facial nerve
where does the nerve to stylohyoid come from?
the facial nerve
what are the motor branches of the facial nerve? (there are 9!)
Nerve to stapedius posterior auricular nerve nerve to posterior belly of digastric nerve to stylohyoid Temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cercival
which nerves run through the parotid gland?
the facial nerve runs through the parotid gland and the common turnk of the temporal/zygomatic, and the common trunk of the marginal mandibular/cervical course through the parotid
does the nerve to stapedius come off before or after the facial nerve enters the stylomastoid foramen
before!
the facial nerve gives off the nerve to stapdius and then enters what canal?
the stylomastoid foramen
what is the nuceli where the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII originate
superior salivatory nucleus
the chorda tympani exits the cranial cavity through what fissure?
the pterygotymanic fissure
the chorda tympani travels to what ganglion to synapse?
the submandibular ganglion
once synapsing on the submandibular ganglion, where do the post-gang fibers of the chorda tympani travel?
they travel to the submandibular and sublingual glands
the taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue go to the lingual nerve, then on to the chorda tymapnia, then on to the facial n, and then travel back on the intermediate nn to synapse in what nuclei?
solitary tract nucelus
cell bodies of the solitary tract nucelus are located where?
in the geniculate ganglion
where does the vagus nerve exit the cranial cavity?
the jugular foramen
the superior laryngeal nerve is a branch from what nerve?
the vagus nerve
explain the branching of the superior laryngeal nerve
it branches into an internal branch which innervates they thyroid membrane
it then branches into an external branch which goes to the cricothyroid muscle
what does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve go to?
the cricothyroid muscle
what does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?
thyroid membrane
somatic motor fibers of the vagus nerve, CN X originate in what ganglion?
the nucelus ambiguous
what nucelus do the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve originate in?
the dorsal motor nucleus
fibers leaving the nucelus ambiguous head towards two ganglion which are the
superior and inferior ganglia
after leaving the inferior ganglia, the vagus nerve will give 3 motor branches which are the
pharyngeal branch of vagus
superior laryngeal N
recurrent laryngeal N
somatic sensory cell bodies of the vagus for somatic sensory are located
in superior ganglion
to relay information from the external ear, the fibers of the vagus nerve jump on what two nerves of the vagus?
the meningeal branch
and the external tympanic membrane
the cell bodies of the taste fibers of the vagus nerve are in what ganglia?
the inferior ganglion
the inferior ganglon of the vagus holds what type of cell bodies?
taste fibers and visceral sensory
the superior ganglon of the vagus holds what type of cell bodies?
somatic sensory
taste fibers of the vagus innervate what and via what nerve?
the eppiglottis, via the internal branch of the superior laryngeal
visceral sensory of the vagus innervates what?
the larynx, pharynx and abdomen
the crigothyroid is inneravted by what?
the external branch of the superior laryngeal N
what muscle modulates pitch?
the vocalis which is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal
what innervates the vocalis muscle
the recurrent laryngeal nerve
major abductor of the larynx?
the posterior cricorytenoid muscle
what is the posterior cricoaretynoid muscle innervated by?
the recurrent laryngeal
lateral cricoarytenoid m does what?
it adducts the vocal ligmanets
the lateral cricoarytenoid is innervated by what
recurrent laryngeal N
the transverse and oblique arytenoids do what?
they adduct the vocal ligaments / decrease the aperature of the rima glottus
what innervates the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles?
the recurrent laryngeal
the aryepigglotic muscle does what?
i pulls the epiglottis downduring swallowing
what innervates the aryepiglottic muscle?
the recurrent laryngeal nerve
the thyroarytenoid muscle does what
it pulls the vocal folds forward, thus closing the aperature, and relaxing the vocal cords (less taut. (recurrent laryngeal)
what innervates the thyroarytenoid muscle
recurrent laryngeal
the thyoepiglottic M does what
it depresses the epiglottis and adducts the vocal folds
